What is the basis for computers to have efficient computing capabilities?

The basis for computers to have efficient computing capabilities is advanced electronic devices. The electronic devices currently used in manufacturing computers are large-scale integrated circuits and very large-scale integrated circuits; computers are composed of two parts: a hardware system and a software system. .

#The basis for computers to have efficient computing capabilities is advanced electronic devices. The electronic devices currently used in manufacturing computers are large-scale integrated circuits and very large-scale integrated circuits.

The computer is composed of two parts: hardware system and software system.

The hardware units of traditional computer systems can generally be divided into input units, output units, arithmetic logic units, control units and memory units. The arithmetic logic unit and control unit are collectively called the Central Processing Unit (CPU). ).

Related introduction:

4th Generation: Large Scale Integrated Circuit Computer (1970 to present)

In terms of hardware, logic components use large-scale and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits (LSI) and VLSI). In terms of software, database management systems, network management systems and object-oriented languages ​​have emerged. In 1971, the world's first microprocessor was born in Silicon Valley, USA, ushering in a new era of microcomputers. The application fields are gradually moving from scientific computing, transaction management, and process control to the home.

Due to the development of integration technology, semiconductor chips are more integrated. Each chip can accommodate tens of thousands or even millions of transistors, and the arithmetic units and controllers can be concentrated on one chip, thus Microprocessors appeared, and microprocessors and large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits can be assembled into microcomputers, which are what we often call microcomputers or PCs. Microcomputers are small, cheap, and easy to use, but their functions and computing speed have reached or even exceeded those of large computers in the past. On the other hand, various logic chips manufactured by large-scale and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits have been used to create supercomputers that are not very large in size but can operate at a speed of 100 million or even billions of operations. After our country successfully developed the Galaxy I supercomputer that can perform 100 million operations per second in 1983, it also successfully developed the Galaxy II general-purpose parallel supercomputer that can perform one billion operations per second in 1993. This period also produced a new generation of programming languages, database management systems, and network software.

With the changes in physical components and devices, not only the computer host has undergone upgrading, but its external devices are also constantly changing. For example, external memory has developed from the initial cathode ray display tube to magnetic cores and magnetic drums, and later to general-purpose magnetic disks. Nowadays, smaller, larger, and faster compact discs (CD-ROMs) have appeared. ).

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