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Data preprocessing in Python (code)

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Release: 2019-03-18 10:06:22
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The content this article brings to you is about data preprocessing (code) in Python. It has certain reference value. Friends in need can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to you.

1. Import standard library
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
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2. Import data set

dataset = pd.read_csv('data (1).csv')  # read_csv:读取csv文件
#创建一个包含所有自变量的矩阵,及因变量的向量
#iloc表示选取数据集的某行某列;逗号之前的表示行,之后的表示列;冒号表示选取全部,没有冒号,则表示选取第几列;values表示选取数据集里的数据。
X = dataset.iloc[:, :-1].values # 选取数据,不选取最后一列。
y = dataset.iloc[:, 3].values # 选取数据,选取每行的第3列数据
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3. Missing data

from sklearn.preprocessing import Imputer #进行数据挖掘及数据分析的标准库,Imputer缺失数据的处理
#Imputer中的参数:missing_values 缺失数据,定义怎样辨认确实数据,默认值:nan ;strategy 策略,补缺值方式 : mean-平均值 , median-中值 , most_frequent-出现次数最多的数 ; axis =0取列 =1取行 
imputer = Imputer(missing_values = 'NaN', strategy = 'mean', axis = 0)
imputer = imputer.fit(X[:, 1:3])#拟合fit
X[:, 1:3] = imputer.transform(X[:, 1:3])
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4. Classified data
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder,OneHotEncoder
labelencoder_X=LabelEncoder()
X[:,0]=labelencoder_X.fit_transform(X[:,0])
onehotencoder=OneHotEncoder(categorical_features=[0])
X=onehotencoder.fit_transform(X).toarray()
#因为Purchased是因变量,Python里面的函数可以将其识别为分类数据,所以只需要LabelEncoder转换为分类数字
labelencoder_y=LabelEncoder()
y=labelencoder_y.fit_transform(y)
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5. Divide the data set into a training set and a test set

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test=train_test_split(X,y,test_size=0.2,random_state=0)
#X_train(训练集的字变量),X_test(测试集的字变量),y_train(训练集的因变量),y_test(训练集的因变量)
#训练集所占的比重0.2~0.25,某些情况也可分配1/3的数据给训练集;train_size训练集所占的比重
#random_state决定随机数生成的方式,随机的将数据分配给训练集和测试集;random_state相同时会得到相同的训练集和测试集
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6. Feature scaling
#特征缩放(两种方式:一:Standardisation(标准化);二:Normalisation(正常化))
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
sc_X=StandardScaler()
X_train=sc_X.fit_transform(X_train)#拟合,对X_train进行缩放
X_test=sc_X.transform(X_test)#sc_X已经被拟合好了,所以对X_test进行缩放时,直接转换X_test
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7. Data preprocessing template

(1) Import standard library
(2) Import data set
(3) Few missing and classified items Encounter
(4) Split the data set into a training set and a test set
(5) Feature scaling is not needed in most cases, but feature scaling is required in some cases

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