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Introduction to error and exception handling in php (code example)

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Release: 2023-04-05 13:10:02
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This article brings you an introduction to error and exception handling in PHP (code examples). It has certain reference value. Friends in need can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to you.

1. Three ways of php error handling

A: Simple die() statement

Equivalent to exit();

B: Custom errors and error triggers

1. Error handler (custom error, generally used for syntax error handling)

Create a defined error function (processor ), the function must be capable of handling at least two parameters (error_level and error_message), but can accept up to five parameters (erroe_file, error_line, error_context)

Syntax:

function error_function($error_level,$error_message,$error_fiel,$error_line,$error_context)
//创建好后还需要改写一个set_error_handler()函数
set_error_handler(‘error_function,E_WARNING’)//这里error_function对应上面创建的自定义处理器名,第二个参数为使用自定义错误处理器的错误级别。
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Error level:

These error reporting levels are different types of errors that error handlers are designed to handle:

## E_WARNINGNon-fatal run-time error. Do not pause script execution. 8E_NOTICERun-time notification. Script discovery errors can occur, but they can also occur while the script is running normally. 256E_USER_ERRORFatal user-generated error . This is similar to E_ERROR set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error(). 512E_USER_WARNINGNon-fatal user-generated warn. This is similar to the E_WARNING set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error(). 1024E_USER_NOTICE User-generated notification. This is similar to E_NOTICE set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error(). 4096E_RECOVERABLE_ERRORCatchable fatal error. Like E_ERROR, but can be caught by a user-defined handler. (See set_error_handler())##8191

Value

Constant

Description

##2

##E_ALL

All errors and warnings except level E_STRICT. (In PHP 6.0, E_STRICT is part of E_ALL)

2.错误触发器(一般用于处理逻辑上的错误)

需求:比如要接受一个年龄,如果数字大于120,就认为是个错误

传统方法:

<?php
if($age>120){
echo(’年龄错误’);
exit();
}
?>
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使用触发器:

<?php
if($age>120){
trigger_error(‘年龄错误’);
}
//自定义处理器
function myerror(¥error_level,¥error_message){
echo ‘error text’;
}
//同时需要改变系统默认的处理器函数
set_error_handler(‘myerror’,E_USER_WARNING);
?>
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C:错误日志

默认的根据php.ini中error_log配置,PHP向服务器的错误记录系统或文件发送错误记录。通过使用error_log()函数可以向文件或者远程目的地发送错误记录。

语法:

error_log(error[,type,destination,headers])
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Type部分一般用3,表示在文件后面追加错误信息,而不会覆盖原内容destination表示目的地,即存放的文件或远程目的地

如:

error_log(“$error_info”,3,”errors.txt”);
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二. php 异常处理

1.基本语法

<?php
try{
//可能出现异常或者错误的代码
//catch 捕获异常
}catch(Exception $e){
//对异常处理,方法
//1.自己处理
//2.不处理,可以再次抛出throw new Exception(‘XXX’);
}
?>
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2.处理程序应当包括:

1.try—使用异常的函数应该位于‘try’代码块内,如果没有触发异常,则代码将照常继续执行。但是如果异常被触发,或抛出一个异常;

2.throw — 这里规定如何触发异常,每一个“throw”必须对应至少一个‘catch’;

3.catch — ‘catch’代码块会捕获异常,并创建一个包含异常信息的对象。

eg:

<?php
/**
 * 创建可抛出一个异常的函数
 */
function checkNum($number) {
    if ($number > 1) {
        throw new Exception("Value must be 1 or below");
    }
    return true;
}
// 在 "try" 代码块中触发异常
try {
    checkNum(2);
    // 如果异常被抛出,那么下面一行代码将不会被输出
    echo &#39;If you see this, the number is 1 or below&#39;;
} catch (Exception $e) {
    // 捕获异常
    echo &#39;Message: &#39; . $e->getMessage();
}
?>
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例子解释:

上面的代码抛出了一个异常,并捕获了它:

  1. 创建 checkNum() 函数,它检测数字是否大于 1,如果是,则抛出一个异常。

  2. 在 "try" 代码块中调用 checkNum() 函数。

  3. checkNum() 函数中的异常被抛出。

  4. "catch" 代码块接收到该异常,并创建一个包含异常信息的对象 ($e)。

  5. 通过从这个 exception 对象调用 $e->getMessage(),输出来自该异常的错误消息。

 异常的规则:

  • 需要进行异常处理的代码应该放入try代码块内,以便捕获潜在的异常

  • 每个try或者throw代码块必须至少一个对应的catch代码块

  • 使用多个catch代码块可以捕获不同种类的异常

  • 可以在try代码内的catch代码块中再次输出(re_throw)异常。

总结:简而言之,如果抛出了异常,就必须捕获他。

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