Methods to support PATH_INFO under nginx
这篇文章主要介绍了nginx下支持PATH_INFO的方法,结合实例形式详细分析了nginx下使用PATH_INFO模式的具体方法与相关使用技巧,需要的朋友可以参考下
本文实例分析了nginx下支持PATH_INFO的方法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
要想让nginx支持PATH_INFO，首先需要知道什么是pathinfo，为什么要用pathinfo？
pathinfo不是nginx的功能，pathinfo是php的功能。
php中有两个pathinfo，一个是环境变量$_SERVER['PATH_INFO']；另一个是pathinfo函数，pathinfo() 函数以数组的形式返回文件路径的信息;。
nginx能做的只是对$_SERVER['PATH_INFO]值的设置。
下面我们举例说明比较直观。先说php中两种pathinfo的作用，再说如何让nginx支持pathinfo。
php中的两个pathinfo
php中的pathinfo()
pathinfo()函数可以对输入的路径进行判断，以数组的形式返回文件路径的信息，数组包含以下元素。
[dirname] 路径的目录
[basename] 带后缀 文件名
[extension] 文件后缀
[filename] 不带后缀文件名(需php5.2以上版本)
例如
<?php
print_r(pathinfo("/nginx/test.txt"));
?>输出
Array ( [dirname] => /nginx [basename] => test.txt [extension] => txt [filename] => test )
php中的$_SERVER['PATH_INFO']
PHP中的全局变量$_SERVER['PATH_INFO']，PATH_INFO是一个CGI 1.1的标准，经常用来做为传参载体。
被很多系统用来优化url路径格式，最著名的如THINKPHP框架。
对于下面这个网址：
http://www.test.cn/index.php/test/my.html?c=index&m=search
我们可以得到 $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'] ＝ '/test/my.html',而此时 $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'] = 'c=index&m=search';
如果不借助高级方法，php中http://www.test.com/index.php?type=search 这样的URL很常见，大多数人可能会觉得不太美观而且对于搜索引擎也是非常不友好的(实际上有没有影响未知)，因为现在的搜索引擎已经很智能了，可以收入带参数的后缀网页，不过大家出于整洁的考虑还是想希望能够重写URL，
下面是一段解析利用PATH_INFO的进行重写的非常简单的代码：
<?php
if(!isset($_SERVER['PATH_INFO'])) {
$pathinfo = 'default';
} else {
$pathinfo = explode('/', $_SERVER['PATH_INFO']);
}
if(is_array($pathinfo) && !empty($pathinfo)) {
$page = $pathinfo[1];
} else {
$page = 'default.php';
}
?>有了以上认识我们就可以介入nginx对$_SERVER['PATH_INFO']支持的问题了。在这之前还要介绍一个php.ini中的配置参数cgi.fix_pathinfo，它是用来对设置cgi模式下为php是否提供绝对路径信息或PATH_INFO信息。没有这个参数之前PHP设置绝对路径PATH_TRANSLATED的值为SCRIPT_FILENAME，没有PATH_INFO值。设置这个参数为cgi.fix_pathinfo=1后，cgi设置完整的路径信息PATH_TRANSLATED的值为SCRIPT_FILENAME，并且设置PATH_INFO信息；如果设为cgi.fix_pathinfo=0则只设置绝对路径PATH_TRANSLATED的值为SCRIPT_FILENAME。cgi.fix_pathinfo的默认值是1。
nginx默认是不会设置PATH_INFO环境变量的的值，需要php使用cgi.fix_pathinfo=1来完成路径信息的获取，但同时会带来安全隐患，需要把cgi.fix_pathinfo=0设置为0，这样php就获取不到PATH_INFO信息，那些依赖PATH_INFO进行URL美化的程序就失效了。
1.可以通过rewrite方式代替php中的PATH_INFO
实例：thinkphp的pathinfo解决方案
设置URL_MODEL=2
location / {
if (!-e $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?s=/$1 last;
}
}2.nginx配置文件中设置PATH_INFO值
请求的网址是/abc/index.php/abc
PATH_INFO的值是/abc
SCRIPT_FILENAME的值是$doucment_root/abc/index.php
SCRIPT_NAME /abc/index.php
旧版本的nginx使用如下方式配置
location ~ .php($|/) {
set $script $uri;
set $path_info "";
if ($uri ~ "^(.+.php)(/.+)") {
set $script $1;
set $path_info $2;
}
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$script;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $script;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
}新版本的nginx也可以使用fastcgi_split_path_info指令来设置PATH_INFO，旧的方式不再推荐使用，在location段添加如下配置。
location ~ ^.+\.php {
(...)
fastcgi_split_path_info ^((?U).+\.php)(/?.+)$;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /path/to/php$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_path_info;
(...)
}最后可能有人要问为什么apache不会出现这个问题？
apache一般是以模块的方式运行php，apache可以对$_SERVER['PATH_INFO']的值进行设置，不需要另外配置。
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网！
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