HTML5 implements layered screen adaptation-H5 Tutorial-php.cn

This article mainly introduces to you the relevant information on the html5 layered screen adaptation method. The editor thinks it is quite good, so I will share it with you now and give it as a reference. Let’s follow the editor to take a look, I hope it can help everyone.

Screen adaptation

Screen adaptation should refer to the adaptation relationship between the content adaptation area and the screen area.

Single-screen adaptation includes contain, cover or fill, and multi-screen adaptation is common with yikuan.

contain and cover also need positioning to handle white space and excess content.

Different content in the same H5 often uses different adaptation methods, that is, layering.

##Preferred CSS

js is often required after the page is loaded A delay of at least 70ms is required to obtain the correct webview width and height
css is often executed first, and the parsing of cssom is often built in parallel with the dom at the beginning
js will wait for dom and cssom to be processed before it can be executed, while css only needs to wait for dom
Compared with js, when switching between horizontal and vertical screens, it has to switch 2 processes to redraw. No need to switch to css

For performance issues such as screen adaptation, if it can be implemented with css, it should be implemented with css.

Whole layer adaptation

To ensure that the elements of each layer are scaled synchronously and without distortion, the adaptation area of each layer should be equal to the size of the design draft.

The direct implementation is to construct a container with the same size as the adaptation area and adapt the entire layer.

There can be several elements with the same adaptation method in the container.

Take

svg implementation as an example:

<!doctype html>
<html>
<body>
<style>
.layer {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}
</style>
<!-- fill -->
<svg class="layer" viewBox="0 0 1080 1920" preserveAspectRatio="none"> <!-- 容器 -->
  <rect x="0" y="0" width="1080" height="1920" fill="rgba(96,96,96,.08)"/>  <!-- 元素 -->
</svg>
<!-- contain 居中 -->
<svg class="layer" viewBox="0 0 1080 1920" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet"> <!-- 容器 -->
  <rect x="0" y="233" width="1080" height="1407" fill="#1565C0"/>  <!-- 元素 -->
</svg>
<!-- contain 居底 -->
<svg class="layer" viewBox="0 0 1080 1920" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMax meet"> <!-- 容器 -->
  <rect x="444" y="1779" width="191" height="39" fill="#1565C0"/>  <!-- 元素 -->
</svg>
</body>
</html>

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Actual effect:

The entire layer adaptation is simple to implement, and the design draft values can be read directly during development, which can meet the needs of most static pages.

But when there are many h5 animations, you have to consider the smoothness of the animation and the performance of the page.

Use replaceable elements such as

<object> <svg> etc. as containers, and use background images to make Elements, There are performance defects when applying css animation:

Streamlined adaptation

Formula

For the derivation process, see H5 Layering Derivation of screen adaptation formula

设计稿
  宽 v
  高 g
  
适配前元素
  横坐标 x
  纵坐标 y
  宽 w
  高 h

适配后容器
  横坐标 x3 = x*u/v
  纵坐标 y3 = y*f/g

适配后元素
  横坐标 x4 = m*u + (x - m*v)/w*w1 = m*v/w*w3 + (x - m*v)/w*w1
  纵坐标 y4 = n*f + (y - n*g)/h*h1 = n*g/h*h3 + (y - n*g)/h*h1
  宽 w3 = (w/v)*u
  高 h3 = (h/g)*f
  当 contain 方式适配时
    缩放值 s = Math.min(f/g, u/v)
    横向左留白占总留白 o = (m*v - x)/w
    纵向上留白占总留白 p =  (n*g - y)/h
  当 cover 方式适配时
    缩放值 s = Math.max(f/g, u/v)
    横向左超出占总超出 o = (x - m*v)/w
    纵向上超出占总超出 p =  (y - n*g)/h

适配区
  垂直居顶时 m = 0
  垂直居中时 m = .5
  垂直居底时 m = 1 
  水平居左时 n = 0
  水平居中时 n = .5
  水平居右时 n = 1 

相比整层适配内存优化 (w3*h3)/(v1*g1) >= w*h/(v*g)

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Implementation example

When max-width is w/v, max-height is h/g corresponds to contain adaptation. When min-width is set to w/v and min-height is set to h/g, it corresponds to cover adaptation.
When width is set to w/v and height is h/g, it means fill adaptation.
contain When adapting, if the original size of the image is smaller than max-width and max-height, use zoom: 10 to enlarge or directly modify the original size of the image.
When covering adaptation, if the original size of the image is larger than min-width and min-height, use zoom: .1 to reduce or directly modify the original size of the image.
Because the percentage in top left is relative to the screen width u and height f, corresponding to m*u and n*f
Because the percentage in transform is relative to the width w1 and height h1 of the element after adaptation, it corresponds to (m*v + x)/w*w1 and (n*f + y)/h*h1

<!doctype html>
<html>
<body>
<style>
img {
  /* min-width 和 min-height 构成了虚拟的容器 */
  min-width: 50.37037037037037%; /* w3 = (w/v)*u 其中 w = 544，v = 1080 */
  min-height: 7.395833333333333%; /* h3 = (h/g)*f 其中 h = 142，g = 1920 */
  zoom: .1;
  /* x4 = m*u + (x - m*v)/w*w1 */
  /* y4 = n*f + (y - n*g)/h*h1 */
  position: absolute;
  left: 50%; /* m*u 其中 m = .5*/
  top: 50%; /* n*f 其中 n = .5 */
  transform:
    translateX(-48.34558823529412%) /* (x - m*v)/w*w1 其中 x = 277，m = .5，v = 1080，w = 544 */
    translateY(378.8732394366197%); /* (y - n*g)/h*h1 其中 y = 1498，n = .5，g = 1920，h = 142 */
}
</style>
<img src="http://ui.qzone.com/544x142"/> <!-- 元素 -->
</body>
</html>

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background implementation example

background-size
When the value is contain, it corresponds to contain adaptation.
background-size
When the value is cover, it corresponds to cover adaptation.
background-size
When the value is 100% 100%, it corresponds to `fill adaptation.
background-position
percentage has the same meaning as o p

<!doctype html>
<html>
<body>
<style>
p {
  position: absolute;
  width: 50.37037037037037%; /* w3 = w/v*u 其中 w = 544，v = 1080 */
  height: 7.395833333333333%; /* h3 = h/g*f 其中 h = 142，g = 1920 */
  background: url(http://ui.qzone.com/544x142) no-repeat; /* 背景图做元素 */
  background-size: cover;
  left: 25.64814814814815%; /* x3 = x/v*u 其中 x = 277， v = 1080 */
  top: 78.02083333333333%; /* y3 = y/g*f 其中 y = 1498， g = 1920 */
  background-position-x: -48.34558823529412%; /* o = (x - m*v)/w 其中 m = .5 ， v = 1080，x = 277，w = 544*/
  background-position-y: 378.8732394366197%; /* p = (y - n*g)/h 其中 n = .5 ， g = 1920，y = 1498，h = 142*/
}
</style>
<p></p> <!-- 容器 -->
</body>
</html>

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preserveAspectRatio
of meetOrSlice is meet corresponds to contain adaptation.
preserveAspectRatio
corresponds to cover adaptation when meetOrSlice is slice.
preserveAspectRatio
corresponds to fill adaptation when the value is none. </li><li><p>这里 <code>preserveAspectRatio 的 meetOrSlice 相对的是容器，不是适配区这里用 transform 来定位，而 preserveAspectRatio 的 meetOrSlice 固定为 xMinYMin。

<!doctype html>
<html>
<body>
<style>
svg {
  position: absolute;
  width: 50.37037037037037%;
  height: 7.395833333333333%;
  /* x4 = m*v/w*w3 + (x - m*v)/w*w1 */
  /* y4 = n*g/h*h3 + (y - n*g)/h*h1 */
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  transform:
    translateX(99.26470588235294%) /* m*v/w*w3 其中 m = .5，v = 1080，w = 544 */
    translateY(676.056338028169%); /* n*g/h*h3 其中 n = .5，g = 1920，h = 142 */
    overflow: visible;
}
svg image {
  transform:
    translateX(-48.34558823529412%) /* (x - m*v)/w*w1 其中 x = 277，m = .5，v = 1080，w = 544 */
    translateY(378.8732394366197%); /* (y - n*g)/h*h1 其中 y = 1498，n = .5，g = 1920，h = 142 */
}
</style>
<svg viewBox="0 0 544 142" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin meet"> <!-- 容器 -->
  <image width="544" height="142" xlink:href="http://ui.qzone.com/544x142"/> <!-- 元素 -->
</svg>
</body>
</html>

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辅助工具

手动计算百分比及写 css 很麻烦，可以借助 sass 等工具来辅助简化。
设计稿宽 v 高 g 一般是页面级常量。
只需读取设计稿里每个元素的横坐标 x 、纵坐标 y 、宽 w 和高 h，然后工具生成 css 即可。
这下妈妈再也不用担心我还原问题、屏幕适配问题了。

文字处理

文字固定或单行不固定，svg 的 text 标签可以处理

文字固定或单行不固定还可以将文字转为图片

文字多行不固定，可以借助 svg 的 foreignObject 嵌入普通 p

方案对比

屏幕适配方案非常多，选哪种方式实现整层适配或精简适配，下面是对比

方案	缩放	定位	文字缩放	兼容
padding-top 百分比	只能依宽	✓	✗	✓
viewport	✓	✗	✓	支持情况复杂
object-fit	✓	✓	✗	移动端 android 4.4.4+
svg preserveRatio	✓	✓	✓	移动端 android 3.0+
(max/min)-(width/height)	✓	✓	固定文字	✓
background-size	✓	✓	文字转图片	✓