There are two ways to send a request, one is to use ajax, the other is to use form submission. If the default form submission is not processed, the page will be redirected. Let’s use a simple demo to illustrate:
html is as shown below, the requested path action is "upload", and no other processing will be done:
<form method="POST" action="upload" enctype="multipart/form-data"> 名字 <input type="text" name="user"></input> 头像 <input type="file" name="file"></input> <input type="submit" id="_submit" value="提交"></input> </form>
The server (node) response directly returns: "Recieved form data", the demonstration is as follows:
You can see that by default, the form requests upload and redirects to upload at the same time. But in many cases, we hope that the form request will be like ajax and will not redirect or refresh the page. Like the above scenario, after the upload is completed, the avatar selected by the user is displayed on the current page.
The first solution is to use html5's FormData, encapsulate the data in the form into the FormData object, and then send it out by POST. As shown in the following code, respond to the click event of the submit button. Line 6 of the code obtains the DOM object of the form, then constructs an instance of FormData on line 8, and sends the form data on line 18.
document.getElementById("_submit").onclick = function(event){
//取消掉默认的form提交方式
if(event.preventDefault) event.preventDefault();
else event.returnValue = false; //对于IE的取消方式
var formDOM = document.getElementsByTagName("form")[];
//将form的DOM对象当作FormData的构造函数
var formData = new FormData(formDOM);
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("POST", "upload");
//请求完成
req.onload = function(){
if(this.status === ){
//对请求成功的处理
}
}
//将form数据发送出去
req.send(formData);
//避免内存泄漏
req = null;
} After the upload is successful, the service will return the access address of the image, and add 14 lines to handle the successful request: display the uploaded image above the submit button:
var img = document.createElement("img");
img.src = JSON.parse(this.responseText).path;
formDOM.insertBefore(img, document.getElementById("_submit")); Example:
If you use jQuery, you can use formData as the data parameter of ajax, and set contentType: false and processData: false at the same time to tell jQuery not to process the request header and the data sent.
It seems that this submission method is the same as ajax, but it is not exactly the same. There are three data formats for form submission. If you want to upload a file, it must be multipart/form-data, so http in the form submission request above The Content-Type in the header information is multipart/form-data, while the ordinary ajax submission is application/json. The complete Content-Type submitted by the form is as follows:
"content-type":"multipart/form-data; boundary=------WebKitFormBoundaryYOE7pWLqdFYSeBFj"
In addition to multipart/form-data, a boundary is also specified. The purpose of this boundary is to distinguish different fields. Since the FormData object is opaque, calling JSON.stringify will return an empty object {}. At the same time, FormData only provides the append method, so the actual uploaded content of FormData cannot be obtained, but it can be viewed through the data received by analysis tools or services. . If you upload a text file above, the original format of the POST data received by the service is as follows:
------WebKitFormBoundaryYOE7pWLqdFYSeBFj
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="user"
abc
------WebKitFormBoundaryYOE7pWLqdFYSeBFj
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="test.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain
This is the content of a text file.
------WebKitFormBoundaryYOE7pWLqdFYSeBFj--
From the data received by the above service, we can see the format submitted by FormData. Each field is separated by boundary and ends with --. For ajax requests, the data format sent out is customized, usually with key=value and an & in the middle:
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
var sendData = "user=abc&file=这是一个文本文件的内内容";
req.open("POST", "upload");
//发送的数据需要转义，见上面提到的三种格式
req.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
req.send(sendData); 服务就会收到和send发出去的字符串一模一样的内容，然后再作参数解析，所以就得统一参数的格式：
user=abc&file=这是一个文本文件的内容
从这里可以看出POST本质上并不比GET安全，POST只是没有将数据放在网址传送而已。
考虑到FormData到了IE10才支持，如果要支持较低版本的IE，那么可以借助iframe。
文中一开始就说，默认的form提交会使页面重定向，而重定向的规则在target中指定，可以和a标签一样指定为"_blank"，在新窗口中打开；还可以指定为一个iframe，在该iframe中打开。所以可以弄一个隐藏的iframe，将form的target指向这个iframe，当form请求完成时，返回的数据就会由这个iframe显示，正如上面在新页面显示的："Recieved form data"。请求完成后，iframe加载完成，触发load事件，在load事件的处理函数里，获取该iframe的内容，从而拿到服务返回的数据了！拿到后再把iframe删掉。
在提交按钮的响应函数里，首先创建一个iframe，设置iframe为不可见，然后再添加到文档里：
var iframe = document.createElement("iframe");
iframe.width = 0;
iframe.height = 0;
iframe.border = 0;
iframe.name = "form-iframe";
iframe.id = "form-iframe";
iframe.setAttribute("style", "width:0;height:0;border:none");
//放到document
this.form.appendChild(iframe); 改变form的target为iframe的name值：
this.form.target = "form-iframe";
然后再响应iframe的load事件：
iframe.onload = function(){
var img = document.createElement("img");
//获取iframe的内容，即服务返回的数据
var responseData = this.contentDocument.body.textContent || this.contentWindow.document.body.textContent;
img.src = JSON.parse(responseData).path;
f.insertBefore(img, document.getElementById("_submit"));
//删掉iframe
setTimeout(function(){
var _frame = document.getElementById("form-iframe");
_frame.parentNode.removeChild(_frame);
}, 100);
//如果提示submit函数不存在，请注意form里面是否有id/value为submit的控件
this.form.submit();
} 第二种办法到这里就基本可以了，但是如果看163邮箱或者QQ邮箱上传文件的方式，会发现和上面的两种方法都不太一样。用httpfox抓取请求的数据，会发现上传的内容的格式并不是上面说的用boundary隔开，而是直接把文件的内容POST出去了，而文件名、文件大小等相关信息放在了文件的头部。如163邮箱：
POST Data:
this is a text
Headers:
Mail-Upload-name: content.txt
Mail-Upload-size: 15
可以推测它们应该是直接读取了input文件的内容，然后直接POST出去了。要实现这样的功能，可以借助FileReader，读取input文件的内容，再保留二进制的格式发送出去：
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("POST", "upload");
//设置和邮箱一样的Content-Type
req.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream");
var fr = new FileReader();
fr.onload = function(){
req.sendAsBinary(this.result);
}
req.onload = function(){
//一样，省略
}
//读取input文件内容，放到fileReader的result字段里
fr.readAsBinaryString(this.form["file"].files[0]); 代码第13行执行读文件，读取完毕后触发第6行的load响应函数，第7行以二进制文本形式发送出去。由于sendAsBinary的支持性不是很好，可以自行实现一个：
if(typeof XMLHttpRequest.prototype.sendAsBinary === 'undefined'){
XMLHttpRequest.prototype.sendAsBinary = function(text){
var data = new ArrayBuffer(text.length);
var uia = new UintArray(data, );
for (var i = ; i < text.length; i++){
uia[i] = (text.charCodeAt(i) & xff);
}
this.send(uia);
}
} 代码的关键在于第6行，将字符串转成8位无符号整型，还原二进制文件的内容。在执行了fr.readAsBinaryString之后，二进制文件的内容将会以utf-8的编码以字符串形式存放到result，上面的第6行代码将每个unicode编码转成整型(&0xff或者parseInt)，存放到一个8位无符号整型数组里面，第8行把这个数组发送出去。如果直接send，而不是sendAsBinary，服务收到的数据将无法正常还原成原本的文件。
上面的实现需要考虑文件太大，需分段上传的问题。
关于FileReader的支持性，IE10以上支持，IE9有另外一套File API。
文章讨论了3种办法实现无刷新上传文件，分别是使用iframe、FormData和FileReader，支持性最好是的iframe，但是从体验的效果来看FormData和FileReader更好，因为这两者不用生成一个无用的DOM再删除，其中FormData最简单，而FileReader更加灵活。
下面给大家介绍iframe无刷新上传文件
form.html <form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" target="upload" action="upload.php" > <input type="file" name="uploadfile" /> <input type="submit" /> </form> <iframe name="upload" style="display:none"></iframe>