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What is struts2? how to use?

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Release: 2017-06-25 10:54:11
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1. What is struts2

 1.Concept

 

 2.Struts2 usage advantages and history

 

2. Building struts2 Framework

## 

1. Guide package

 (Unzip) struts2-blank.war and you will see

 

 2. Write the Action class

public class HelloAction {public String hello(){
        
        System.out.println("hello world!");        return "success";
    }
}
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3. Write src/struts.xml (remember to add dtd constraints)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"><struts><package name="hello" namespace="/hello" extends="struts-default" ><action name="HelloAction" class="cn.itheima.a_hello.HelloAction" method="hello" ><result name="success" type="dispatcher" >/hello.jsp</result></action></package></struts>
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 4. Configure the struts2 core filter to web.xml

Can’t remember filter-class You can enter strutsPre with ctrl+shift+t to find the full class name

  <!-- struts2核心过滤器 -->
  <filter>  <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>  <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>  <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
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5. Test

 

##3. Struts2 access process&struts2 architecture

 1.struts2 architecture 

 

2.Aop programming (aspect-oriented)

 

4. Detailed configuration explanation 

1.struts.xml configuration details

##
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"><struts><!-- i18n:国际化. 解决post提交乱码 --><constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8"></constant><!-- 指定反问action时的后缀名 
        http://localhost:8080/struts2_day01/hello/HelloAction.do--><constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action"></constant><!-- 指定struts2是否以开发模式运行
            1.热加载主配置.(不需要重启即可生效)
            2.提供更多错误信息输出,方便开发时的调试     --><constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant><!-- package:将Action配置封装.就是可以在Package中配置很多action.
            name属性: 给包起个名字,起到标识作用.随便起.不能其他包名重复.
            namespace属性:给action的访问路径中定义一个命名空间
            extends属性: 继承一个 指定包
            abstract属性:包是否为抽象的; 标识性属性.标识该包不能独立运行.专门被继承      --><package name="hello" namespace="/hello" extends="struts-default" ><!-- action元素:配置action类
                name属性: 决定了Action访问资源名.
                class属性: action的完整类名
                method属性: 指定调用Action中的哪个方法来处理请求         --><action name="HelloAction" class="cn.itheima.a_hello.HelloAction" method="hello" ><!-- result元素:结果配置 
                    name属性: 标识结果处理的名称.与action方法的返回值对应.
                    type属性: 指定调用哪一个result类来处理结果,默认使用转发.
                    标签体:填写页面的相对路径--><result name="success" type="dispatcher" >/hello.jsp</result></action></package><!-- 引入其他struts配置文件 --><include file="cn/itheima/b_dynamic/struts.xml"></include><include file="cn/itheima/c_default/struts.xml"></include></struts>
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2.struts2 constant configuration

2.1 Struts2 default constant configuration location

2.2 Modify struts2 constant configuration (the order is also the loading order)

       

Method 1: src/struts.xml (important)

          <!-- i18n:国际化. 解决post提交乱码 -->
          <constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8"></constant>
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                                      garden/struts.xml(Important)

        struts.i18n.encoding=UTF8
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##       Method 2: Create struts.properties under src
          <context-param>
              <param-name>struts.i18n.encoding</param-name>
              <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
          </context-param>
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Method 3: In the project’s web.xml
    <!-- i18n:国际化. 解决post提交乱码 --><constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8"></constant><!-- 指定反问action时的后缀名 
        http://localhost:8080/struts2_day01/hello/HelloAction.do--><constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action"></constant><!-- 指定struts2是否以开发模式运行
            1.热加载主配置.(不需要重启即可生效)
            2.提供更多错误信息输出,方便开发时的调试     --><constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
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###

      顺序:

      

    2.3 常量配置

    <!-- i18n:国际化. 解决post提交乱码 --><constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8"></constant><!-- 指定反问action时的后缀名 
        http://localhost:8080/struts2_day01/hello/HelloAction.do--><constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action"></constant><!-- 指定struts2是否以开发模式运行
            1.热加载主配置.(不需要重启即可生效)
            2.提供更多错误信息输出,方便开发时的调试     --><constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
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  3.struts2配置的进阶

   3.1动态方法调用(重要)

        <!-- 配置动态方法调用是否开启常量
                默认是关闭的,需要开启         --><constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true"></constant>
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方式一
            <!-- 动态方法调用方式2:通配符方式
                 使用{1} 取出第一个星号通配的内容              --><action name="Demo1Action_*" class="cn.itheima.b_dynamic.Demo1Action" method="{1}" ><result name="success" >/hello.jsp</result></action>
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方式二

    3.2struts2中的默认配置(了解)

        <package name="default" namespace="/default" extends="struts-default" ><!-- 找不到包下的action,会使用Demo2Action作为默认action处理请求 --><default-action-ref name="Demo2Action"></default-action-ref><!-- method属性:execute  --><!-- result的name属性:success  --><!-- result的type属性:dispatcher 转发  --><!-- class属性:com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport --><action name="Demo2Action"   ><result  >/hello.jsp</result></action></package>
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五、action类详解

  Action类的书写方式

//方式1: 创建一个类.可以是POJO//POJO:不用继承任何父类.也不需要实现任何接口.//使struts2框架的代码侵入性更低.public class Demo3Action {

}
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方式一
//方式2: 实现一个接口Action// 里面有execute方法,提供action方法的规范.// Action接口预置了一些字符串.可以在返回结果时使用.为了方便public class Demo4Action implements Action {
    @Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception {return null;
    }
}
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方式二
//方式3: 继承一个类.ActionSupport// 帮我们实现了 Validateable, ValidationAware, TextProvider, LocaleProvider .//如果我们需要用到这些接口的实现时,不需要自己来实现了.public class Demo5Action  extends ActionSupport{

}
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方式三

 

六、练习:客户列表

  图解:

  

  实现:

public class CustomerAction extends ActionSupport {private CustomerService cs = new CustomerServiceImpl();    public String list() throws Exception {//1 接受参数String cust_name = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getParameter("cust_name");//2 创建离线查询对象DetachedCriteria dc =DetachedCriteria.forClass(Customer.class);//3 判断参数拼装条件if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(cust_name)){
            dc.add(Restrictions.like("cust_name", "%"+cust_name+"%"));
        }//4 调用Service将离线对象传递List<Customer> list = cs.getAll(dc);//5 将返回的list放入request域.转发到list.jsp显示ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("list", list);return "list";
    }
}
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Web层代码
    public List<Customer> getAll(DetachedCriteria dc) {
        Session session =  HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();//打开事务Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
        
        List<Customer> list = customerDao.getAll(dc);        //关闭事务                tx.commit();return list;
    }
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Service层代码
    public List<Customer> getAll(DetachedCriteria dc) {//1 获得sessionSession session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();//2 将离线对象关联到sessionCriteria c = dc.getExecutableCriteria(session);//3 执行查询并返回return c.list();
    }
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Dao层代码

 

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