Python uses SMTP to send emails.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is a simple mail transfer protocol. It is a set of The rules for transmitting mail from the source address to the destination address, which controls how the mail is transferred.
Python's smtplib provides a very convenient way to send emails. It simply encapsulates the SMTP protocol.
The syntax for Python to create an SMTP object is as follows:
import smtplib smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP( [host [, port [, local_hostname]]] )
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Parameter description:
- ##host: SMTP server host. You can specify the IP address or domain name of the host such as: w3cschool.cc. This is an optional parameter.
- port: If you provide the host parameter, you need to specify the port number used by the SMTP service. Generally, the SMTP port number is 25.
- local_hostname: If SMTP is on your local machine, you only need to specify the server address as localhost.
The Python SMTP object uses the sendmail method to send emails. The syntax is as follows:
SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options]
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from_addr: Email sender address.
to_addrs: String list, email sending address.
msg: Send a message
Pay attention to the third parameter here. msg is a string, representing an email. We know that emails generally consist of a title, sender, recipient, email content, attachments, etc. When sending an email, pay attention to the format of msg. This format is the format defined in the smtp protocol.
Example
The following is a simple example of using Python to send emails:
#!/usr/bin/pythonimport smtplib sender = 'from@fromdomain.com'receivers = ['to@todomain.com']message = """From: From Person To: To Person Subject: SMTP e-mail test This is a test e-mail message. """try: smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost') smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message) print "Successfully sent email"except SMTPException: print "Error: unable to send email"
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Using Python to send emails in HTML format
Python to send HTML The difference between formatted emails and emails that send plain text messages is that _subtype in MIMEText is set to html. The specific code is as follows:
import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText mailto_list=["YYY@YYY.com"] mail_host="smtp.XXX.com" #设置服务器mail_user="XXX" #用户名mail_pass="XXXX" #口令 mail_postfix="XXX.com" #发件箱的后缀 def send_mail(to_list,sub,content): #to_list：收件人；sub：主题；content：邮件内容 me="hello"+"<"+mail_user+"@"+mail_postfix+">" #这里的hello可以任意设置，收到信后，将按照设置显示 msg = MIMEText(content,_subtype='html',_charset='gb2312') #创建一个实例，这里设置为html格式邮件 msg['Subject'] = sub #设置主题 msg['From'] = me msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) try: s = smtplib.SMTP() s.connect(mail_host) #连接smtp服务器 s.login(mail_user,mail_pass) #登陆服务器 s.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) #发送邮件 s.close() return True except Exception, e: print str(e) return False if __name__ == '__main__': if send_mail(mailto_list,"hello","小五义"): print "发送成功" else: print "发送失败"
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Or you can also specify Content-type as text/html in the message body, as shown in the following example:
#!/usr/bin/pythonimport smtplib message = """From: From Person To: To Person MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/html Subject: SMTP HTML e-mail test This is an e-mail message to be sent in HTML format This is HTML message. This is headline.
"""try: smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost') smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message) print "Successfully sent email"except SMTPException: print "Error: unable to send email"
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Python sends an email with attachments
To send an email with an attachment, you must first create a MIMEMultipart() instance, then construct the attachment. If there are multiple attachments, they can be constructed in sequence, and finally send using smtplib.smtp.
from email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartimport smtplib#创建一个带附件的实例msg = MIMEMultipart()#构造附件1att1 = MIMEText(open('d:\\123.rar', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312')att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.doc"'#这里的filename可以任意写，写什么名字，邮件中显示什么名字msg.attach(att1)#构造附件2att2 = MIMEText(open('d:\\123.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312')att2["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'att2["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.txt"'msg.attach(att2)#加邮件头msg['to'] = 'YYY@YYY.com'msg['from'] = 'XXX@XXX.com'msg['subject'] = 'hello world'#发送邮件try: server = smtplib.SMTP() server.connect('smtp.XXX.com') server.login('XXX','XXXXX')#XXX为用户名，XXXXX为密码 server.sendmail(msg['from'], msg['to'],msg.as_string()) server.quit() print '发送成功'except Exception, e: print str(e)
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以下实例指定了Content-type header 为 multipart/mixed，并发送/tmp/test.txt 文本文件：
#!/usr/bin/pythonimport smtplibimport base64 filename = "/tmp/test.txt"# 读取文件内容并使用 base64 编码fo = open(filename, "rb")filecontent = fo.read()encodedcontent = base64.b64encode(filecontent) # base64sender = 'webmaster@tutorialpoint.com'reciever = 'amrood.admin@gmail.com'marker = "AUNIQUEMARKER"body =""" This is a test email to send an attachement. """# 定义头部信息part1 = """From: From Person To: To Person Subject: Sending Attachement MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=%s --%s """ % (marker, marker)# 定义消息动作part2 = """Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding:8bit %s --%s """ % (body,marker)# 定义附近部分part3 = """Content-Type: multipart/mixed; name=\"%s\" Content-Transfer-Encoding:base64 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=%s %s --%s-- """ %(filename, filename, encodedcontent, marker)message = part1 + part2 + part3try: smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost') smtpObj.sendmail(sender, reciever, message) print "Successfully sent email"except Exception: print "Error: unable to send email"
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