How to learn linux correctly, a must read for novices

With the expansion of Linux applications, many friends have begun to come into contact with Linux. Based on their experience in learning Windows, they often feel confused: they don’t know where to start. Here are some suggestions for learning Linux.

1. Start with the basics: Some friends often ask questions in Linux forums, but most of them are very basic. For example: why when I use a command, the system tells me that the directory cannot be found, how do I restrict the user's permissions, etc. These problems are actually not difficult. As long as you understand the basics of Linux, you should be able to It is very easy to solve this problem. And some friends often want to build a website when they come into contact with Linux, and they never think of understanding the basics of Linux first. This is quite difficult.

2. Linux commands must be learned. Although Linux desktop applications are developing rapidly, commands still have strong vitality in Linux. Linux is an operating system composed of command lines. The essence lies in the command line. No matter how far the graphical interface develops, this principle will not change. Linux commands have many powerful functions: from simple disk operations, file access, to Production of complex multimedia images and streaming media files. To give an example: The commonly used command find in Linux, if you look at the man document, beginners will find it too complicated and not willing to use it, but once you learn it, you will not be able to put it down. Its function is really too powerful. When combined with exec parameters or redirected to the xargs command and grep command through pipes, it can complete very complex operations. If the same operation is completed with a graphical interface tool, it will probably cost more than ten minutes. time. Different versions of Linux have different numbers of commands. Here, the author divides the more important and most frequently used commands into several parts according to their functions in the system and introduces them to you. By learning these basic commands, we can further understand Linux. System: Installation and login commands: login, shutdown, halt, reboot, mount, umount, chsh File processing commands: file, mkdir, grep, dd, find, mv, ls, diff, cat, ln System management related commands: df, top, free, quota, at, lp, adduser, groupadd kill, crontab, tar, unzip, gunzip, last Network operation commands: ifconfig, ip, ping, netstat, telnet, ftp, route, rlogin rcp, finger, mail, nslookup System security related commands: passwd, su, umask, chgrp, chmod, chown, chattr, sudo, pswho

3. Choosing a good reference book is very important for learners. A reference book with misconceptions can lead a novice astray. At present, there are many domestic books about Linux, but not many high-quality ones. The author strongly recommends reading the photocopied version of "O" and the publisher also provides a very good road map:

4. Choose a Linux that suits you There are currently more than 100 Linux distributions in the world, and more than a dozen common versions can be found in China. How to choose depends on your needs and capabilities. Redhat Linux and Debian Linux are ideal choices for English network administrators. For those who are not very good readers, the Chinese versions of Hongqi Linux and Winning Linux are more suitable. Now some Linux websites have some free downloads of Linux versions. What I want to say here is that they are not suitable for Linux beginners. 5. Development. Working under the command line: You must develop the habit of working under the command line. You must know that X-window is just an application running in the command line mode. Although learning under the command line will be slow at first, you will get familiar with it. , your future learning path will be exponential. From a network administrator's perspective, the command line is actually the rule, it is always valid and flexible, even over a slow modem line. It can also control remote systems thousands of kilometers away.

6. Choose a Linux community that suits you; with the expansion of Linux applications, many Linux communities have emerged. Of course, the LUPA open source community www. lupaworld.com. There are also some excellent communities: www.linuxforum.NET (the highest level GNU site in China), http://www.chinaunix.Net/ (the largest Unix technology community in China), but these Forums are often a stage for Linux masters. If you post very basic questions in a forum that discusses advanced techniques, there will often be no results. There are also some very rich learning materials and community comprehensive sites, such as: www.xxlinux.com learning articles and materials. It is very sufficient, and there is also a community for everyone to communicate. Beginners can get a lot of help from some old linuxeden, linuxsir, linuxfans, etc.

7. Be diligent in practice: To increase your Linux skills, you can only achieve it through practice. So, quickly find a computer, quickly install a Linux distribution, and then enter the wonderful world of Linux. I believe that you will definitely gain a lot in your own Linux abilities. In addition, the human brain is not like a computer hard drive. Unless the hard drive is broken or the data is erased by you, the stored data will be stored in the hard drive forever and immediately. In the curve of human memory, you have to practice repeatedly before you can remember something familiarly. The same is true for learning Linux. If you can't learn often, you will learn the latter and forget the previous. After you become familiar with Linux commands, you can start building a small Linux network. This is the best practical method. Linux is synonymous with the Internet. Linux network service functions are very powerful, whether it is a mail server, Web server, DNS server, etc., they are all very complete. Of course you don’t need to build all services, you can take your time. It should be noted that this Linux network only requires two or three computers for beginners, and it is best to install Windows system on one of the computers. Do it yourself instead of waiting for others to solve your problems for you.

8. How to get online help Unlike private operating systems, the technical support time for each Linux distribution is shorter, which is often not enough for Linux beginners. In fact, when you install a complete Linux system, it already contains a powerful helper, but you may not have discovered and used their skills yet.