[JavaScript Tutorial] JavaScript data types

JavaScript data types

String, Number, Boolean, Array, Object, Null, Undefined.

JavaScript has dynamic typing

JavaScript has dynamic typing. This means that the same variable can be used as different types:

Instances

var x;               // x 为 undefined
var x = 5;           // 现在 x 为数字
var x = "John";      // 现在 x 为字符串

JavaScript Strings

Strings are variables that store characters (such as "Bill Gates").

String can be any text in quotes. You can use single or double quotes:

Instance

var carname="Volvo XC60";
var carname='Volvo XC60';

You can use quotes within a string as long as they don't match the quotes surrounding the string:

Instance

var answer="It's alright";
var answer="He is called 'Johnny'";
var answer='He is called "Johnny"';

You will be in Learn more about strings in the advanced section of this tutorial.

JavaScript Numbers

JavaScript has only one number type. Numbers can be written with or without a decimal point:

Example

var x1=34.00;      //使用小数点来写
var x2=34;         // //不使用小数点来写

Very large or very small numbers can be written using scientific (exponential) notation:

Example

var y=123e5;      // 12300000
var z=123e-5;     // 0.00123

You will learn more about this tutorial Learn more about numbers in the advanced section.

JavaScript Boolean

Boolean (logical) can only have two values: true or false.

var x=true;
var y=false;

Boolean is commonly used in conditional testing. You'll learn more about conditional testing later in this tutorial.

JavaScript Arrays

The following code creates an array named cars:

var cars=new Array();
cars[0]="Saab";
cars[1]="Volvo";
cars[2]="BMW";

or (condensed array):

var cars=new Array("Saab","Volvo","BMW");

or (literal array):

Instance

var cars=["Saab","Volvo","BMW"];

Array subscripts are zero-based, so no. One item is [0], the second is [1], and so on.

You will learn more about arrays later in this tutorial.

JavaScript Objects

Objects are separated by curly braces. Inside the brackets, the object's properties are defined as name and value pairs (name : value). Properties are separated by commas:

var person={firstname:"John", lastname:"Doe", id:5566};

The object (person) in the above example has three properties: firstname, lastname and id.

Spaces and line breaks don’t matter. Declarations can span multiple lines:

var person={
firstname : "John",
lastname  : "Doe",
id        :  5566
};

Object properties are addressed in two ways:

Instances

name=person.lastname;
name=person["lastname"];

You will learn more about objects later in this tutorial.

Undefined and Null

Undefined This value means that the variable does not contain a value.

You can clear a variable by setting its value to null.

Instance

cars=null;
person=null;

Declare variable type

当您声明新变量时，可以使用关键词 "new" 来声明其类型：

var carname=new String;
var x=      new Number;
var y=      new Boolean;
var cars=   new Array;
var person= new Object;

JavaScript 变量均为对象。当您声明一个变量时，就创建了一个新的对象。

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