50 ways to improve the efficiency of PHP programs

0. Use single quotes instead of double quotes to enclose the string, which will be faster. Because PHP will search for variables in strings surrounded by double quotes, single quotes will not. Note: only echo can do this, it is a "function" that can take multiple strings as parameters (Annotation: PHP Manual It is said that echo is a language structure, not a real function, so the function is enclosed in double quotes).
1. If you can define a class method as static, try to define it as static, and its speed will be increased by nearly 4 times. 2. The speed of $row[’id’] is 7 times that of $row[id].
3. Echo is faster than print, and uses multiple parameters of echo (annotation: refers to using commas instead of periods) instead of string concatenation, such as echo $str1, $str2.
4. Determine the maximum number of loops before executing the for loop. Do not calculate the maximum value every loop. It is best to use foreach instead. 5. Unregister unused variables, especially large arrays, to free up memory.
6. Try to avoid using __get, __set, __autoload.
7. require_once() is expensive.
8. Try to use absolute paths when including files, because it avoids the speed of PHP searching for files in include_path, and the time required to parse the operating system path will be less.
9. If you want to know the time when the script starts executing (annotation: the server receives the client request), it is better to use $_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME'] than time()
10. Functions replace regular expressions to complete the same function.
11. The str_replace function is faster than the preg_replace function, but the strtr function is four times more efficient than the str_replace function. 12. If a string replacement function can accept arrays or characters as parameters, and the parameter length is not too long, then you can consider writing an additional replacement code so that each parameter passed is one character. Instead of just writing a line of code that accepts arrays as query and replacement parameters.
13. It is better to use a selective branch statement (translation annotation: switch case) than to use multiple if, else if statements.
14. Using @ to block error messages is very inefficient, extremely inefficient.
15. Turn on the mod_deflate module of apache to improve the browsing speed of web pages.
16. The database connection should be closed when finished using it, and do not use long connections.
17. Error messages are expensive.
18. Incrementing local variables in methods is the fastest. Almost as fast as calling local variables in a function.
19. Incrementing a global variable is 2 times slower than incrementing a local variable.
20. Incrementing an object property (eg: $this->prop++) is 3 times slower than incrementing a local variable.
21. Incrementing an undefined local variable is 9 to 10 times slower than incrementing a predefined local variable.
22. Just defining a local variable without calling it in the function will also slow down the speed (to the same extent as incrementing a local variable). PHP will probably check to see if the global variable exists.
23. Method calls appear to be independent of the number of methods defined in the class, as I added 10 methods (both before and after the test method) and there was no change in performance.
24. Methods in derived classes run faster than the same methods defined in base classes.
25. Calling an empty function with one parameter takes as long as incrementing the local variable 7 to 8 times. A similar method call takes close to 15 local variable increments.
26. Apache parses a PHP script 2 to 10 times slower than parsing a static HTML page. Try to use more static HTML pages and less scripts.
27. Unless the script can be cached, it will be recompiled every time it is called. Introducing a PHP caching mechanism can usually improve performance by 25% to 100% to avoid compilation overhead.
28. Try to cache as much as possible, you can use memcached. Memcached is a high-performance in-memory object caching system that can be used to accelerate dynamic web applications and reduce database load. Caching of OP codes is useful so that scripts do not have to be recompiled for each request.
29. When operating a string and need to check whether its length meets certain requirements, you will naturally use the strlen() function. This function executes quite quickly because it doesn't do any calculations and just returns the value in the zval structure (C's built-in data structure used to store PHP variable). However, since strlen() is a function, there are more or less Slow, because the function call will go through many steps, such as lowercase letters (Annotation: refers to the lowercase function name, PHP does not distinguish between function names) Number case), hash search will be executed together with the called function. In some cases, you can use the isset() trick to speed up the execution of your code. (Example below) if (strlen($foo) 30. When executing the increment or decrement of variable $i, $i++ will be slower than ++$i. This difference is specific to PHP and does not apply to other languages, so please do not modify your C or It's no use writing Java code and expecting them to be instantly faster. ++$i is faster because it only requires 3 instructions (opcodes), $i++ requires 4 instructions. Postincrement actually creates a temporary variable that is subsequently incremented. Prefix increment increases directly on the original value. This is a form of optimization, as Zend's What the PHP optimizer does. It's a good idea to keep this optimization in mind because not all instruction optimizers perform the same optimizations. And there are a large number of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and servers that are not equipped with command optimizers. 31. Not everything must be object-oriented (OOP), object-oriented is often very expensive, and each method and object call consumes a lot of memory.
32. It is not necessary to use classes to implement all data structures. Arrays are also useful.
33. Don’t subdivide the methods too much. Think carefully about which code you really intend to reuse?
34. You can always break code into methods when you need to.
35. Try to use as many PHP built-in functions as possible.
36. If there are a lot of time-consuming functions in your code, you can consider implementing them as C extensions.
37. Profile your code. The checker will tell you which parts of the code take how much time. The Xdebug debugger includes inspection routines that evaluate the overall integrity of your code and reveal bottlenecks in your code.
38. mod_zip can be used as an Apache module to instantly compress your data and reduce data transfer volume by 80%.
39. When file_get_contents can be used to replace file, fopen, feof, fgets and other series of methods, try to use file_get_contents, because it is much more efficient! But pay attention to the PHP of file_get_contents when opening a URL file Version problem;
40. Perform as few file operations as possible, although PHP’s file operation efficiency is not low;
41. Optimize the Select SQL statement and perform as few Insert and Update operations as possible (I was criticized for updating);
42. Use PHP internal functions as much as possible (but in order to find a function that does not exist in PHP, I wasted time that could have been written by writing a custom function. It’s a matter of experience!);
43. Do not declare variables inside loops, especially large variables: objects (this seems to be not just a problem in PHP, right?); 44. Try not to nest nested assignments in loops for multi-dimensional arrays;
45. Do not use regular expressions when you can use PHP’s internal string manipulation functions;
46. ​​foreach is more efficient, try to use foreach instead of while and for loop;
47. Use single quotes instead of double quotes to quote strings;
48. “Use i+=1 instead of i=i+1. It conforms to the habits of c/c++ and is more efficient”
49. Global variables should be unset()ed after use;

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