Nesting of php and javascript_PHP tutorial

I am a vc programmer. Not long ago, I learned php and javascript due to practical needs. Since the syntax of these two languages ​​is very similar to that of c and c++, it didn't take me much effort to "get it".
I usually use javascript to customize the web page layout, and then use php to perform various database operations. The relationship between these two languages ​​is not like the relationship between MFC and Windows API functions, which can be "seamlessly" transplanted, so I often encounter difficulties in practical application. Here I will embedding PHP and Javascript. The issues that should be paid attention to in the set are briefly mentioned.
Routine 1:

Routine 2:



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Comments:
Routine 2 can achieve the correct result, that is, the user will close the form window when submitting the form.
But routine 1 will get the error message "a is not identified", that is, a is not defined.
The reason is that the scope of window handle a (let me put it this way for now) cannot
"transmit" the "information" of a (that is, the value of a) to the newly created window. So you can only use window.close() and the window handle uses the default current value.