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PHP中使用gettext来支持多语言的方法

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Release: 2016-06-13 12:10:21
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我们今天用一个简单的实例说明一下在PHP中的getText的用法(getText是一系列的工具和库函数,帮助程序员和翻译人员开发多语言软件的), 从而实现PHP的i18n.
现在, 我们假设要显示一个返回主页的link:

复制代码 代码如下:


//home.php:
$str = 'home';
print {$str}
HTML;


下面开启我们多语言的开发之旅:
创建pot文件,pot是Portable Object Template的首字母缩写,与po对应的是mo,mo是Machine Object的首字母缩写。前者意指原始的字符串文件,一般用于给翻译人员去修改的,后者则是与机器相关的,一般是供程序读取。可以手工创建pot文件,也可以通过xgettext从代码中抽取字符串来产生。这里是用xgettext来产生的:
xgettext -a home.php -o home.pot
运行该命令后,我们发现,在当前目录下,产生了一个名home.pot的文件,打开该文件,可以看到:

复制代码 代码如下:


# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-07-23 20:56+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
#: home.php:2
msgid "home"
msgstr "


根据pot产生不同语言的po文件,这里我们先产生一个简体中文的po文件:
export LANG=zh_CN.gb2312
msginit -l zh_CN.gb2312 -i home.pot
运行该命令后,我们发现,在当前目录下,产生了一个名zh_CN.po的文件,打开该文件,可以看到:

复制代码 代码如下:


# Chinese translations for PACKAGE package
# PACKAGE 软件包的简体中文翻译.
# Copyright (C) 2009 THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# , 2009.
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-07-23 20:56+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-07-23 21:00+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n"
"Language-Team: Chinese\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=GB2312\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
#: test.php:2
msgid "home"
msgstr "


翻译zh_CN.po里对应的字符串为中文:

复制代码 代码如下:


# Chinese translations for PACKAGE package
# PACKAGE 软件包的简体中文翻译.
# Copyright (C) 2009 THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# , 2009.
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-07-23 20:56+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-07-23 21:00+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: \n"
"Language-Team: Chinese\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=GB2312\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
#: test.php:2
msgid "home"
msgstr "主页


根据po文件生成mo文件。
msgfmt zh_CN.po -o zh_CN.mo
运行该命令后,我们发现,在当前目录下,产生了一个名zh_CN.mo的文件。它是二进制的,不能用文本编辑器打开。
安装mo文件到特定目录中:
cp -f zh_CN.mo .local/LC_MESSAGES/home.mo
修改程序。

复制代码 代码如下:


setlocale(LC_ALL, 'zh_CN');
// Specify location of translation tables
bindtextdomain("home", ".");
// Choose domain
textdomain("home");
// Translation is looking for in ./locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/home.mo now
$str = gettext('home'); //也可以使用_('home')
print {$str}
HTML;


运行这个脚本, 看看, 是不是输出正确的中文了呢?
添加其它语言也很容易,不需要修改程序,只需要像对待中文一样,生成一个mo文件,并安装到系统中对应的目录即可。切换不同的语言仅仅是修改当前的locale就行了。
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