How to change file ownership chown
To modify file ownership using chown, you need to pay attention to syntax and permissions. The basic format is sudo chown [Options] User file/directory, such as sudo chown user1 example.txt or sudo chown user1:group1 example.txt; to modify directory and subcontent, you need to add -R parameters, such as sudo chown -R user1:group1 myfolder/; Common problems include forgetting to add -R, wrong operating system directory, and wrong colon position when modifying only users or groups; to cooperate with find to accurately modify specific files, such as find /path/to/dir -type f -name "*.log" -exec sudo chown user1:group1 {} \;.
chown is actually quite straightforward to change the ownership of a file, but you have to pay attention to several key points. The simplest case is that you change the owner of a file or directory, such as changing a file to user A to user B. However, in actual operations, there may also be details such as user groups and permission recursion.
Basic syntax and usage
The basic format of chown is:
sudo chown [Options] [User][:Group] File/Directory
For example, if you want to change the owner of a file called example.txt to user1, you can write:
sudo chown user1 example.txt
If you want to change the owner and the group at the same time, you can:
sudo chown user1:group1 example.txt
It should be noted that ordinary users usually do not have permission to change the ownership of files at will, so they need to use sudo most of the time.
Modify the ownership of directories and sub-contents (recursive operation)
If you want to modify the ownership of the entire directory and all files and subdirectories in it, you need to add the -R parameter:
sudo chown -R user1:group1 myfolder/
This command will turn all contents in myfolder into user1 users and group1 groups. This is very common when migrating websites, backup recovery, or replacement maintenance.
FAQ:
- Forgot to add
-R, but only the directory itself was changed and it did not take effect. - Misoperation changed the ownership of the system directory, resulting in service abnormality
Change users only or regroup only
Sometimes you just want to change the owner or group one of them, you can do it separately:
- Change the user only:
sudo chown user1 file.txt
- Reorganized only:
sudo chown :group1 file.txt
Pay attention to the position of the colon. If written as user1: it means that only the user is changed, not reorganized; :group1 is changed only.
Accurately modify specific files with find
Sometimes you don't want to change the entire directory, but you just want to change certain types of files or files that meet certain conditions. At this time, you can use find to match chown .
For example, just change the ownership of all .log files in a certain directory:
find /path/to/dir -type f -name "*.log" -exec sudo chown user1:group1 {} \;This combination is very practical when processing a large number of files and can also avoid misoperation of files that should not be moved.
Basically that's it. If you master these usages, daily operation and maintenance or permission management is enough. Remember that the most important thing is that permission issues are prone to errors, especially when modifying system files, do not add -R randomly, see the path clearly before executing.
The above is the detailed content of How to change file ownership chown. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
Hot AI Tools
Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free
Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos
AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.
Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover
Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!
Hot Article
Hot Tools
Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor
SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use
Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment
Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools
SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)
How to check active network connections
Jul 22, 2025 am 12:35 AM
If you want to know the network connection on your current computer, you can view it through the command line tool; use netstat-ano on Windows to view all connections and PIDs, use ss-tulnp and lsof-i-P to obtain detailed information, and can also be monitored in real time through graphical interface tools such as resource monitor, nethogs, etc.
How to create LVM volume group
Jul 21, 2025 am 12:55 AM
To create an LVM volume group, you must first prepare a physical volume (PV) and then create a VG. 1. Use pvcreate to initialize the hard disk or partition into PV, such as pvcreate/dev/sdb1; 2. Use the vgcreate command to combine one or more PVs into VG, such as vgcreatemy_volume_group/dev/sdb1/dev/sdc1; 3. You can customize the PE size through the -s parameter and use vgdisplay to view information; 4. You can dynamically expand VG in the future and add a new PV using vgextend; 5. Before deleting VG, you must confirm that there is no LV and delete it with vgremove.
How to configure NFS server
Jul 17, 2025 am 12:53 AM
The steps to configure an NFS server are as follows: 1. Install the nfs-utils or nfs-kernel-server package; 2. Start and enable nfs-server and related RPC services; 3. Edit /etc/exports to configure shared directories and permissions, such as rw, ro, sync, etc.; 4. Execute exportfs-a and open the firewall port; 5. The client uses the mount command to mount or configure fstab to achieve automatic mount; Common problems include permission control, ID mapping, RPC service not being started and configuration not being refreshed, and needs to be checked in conjunction with logs.
How to trace network path using traceroute
Aug 02, 2025 am 12:23 AM
When you encounter a problem with slow network connection, traceroute can help you locate the bottleneck. It is a command line tool that displays the path through which the data packets pass from your computer to the target server by sending probe packets and recording the response time of each step. How to use it is tracertexample.com under Windows and tracerouteexample.com under macOS/Linux/Unix. In the output result, each line represents an intermediate node, including the number of hops, three round trip times and the corresponding IP or host name; if all hops are *, it may be firewall blocking or network failure. Check the jump with delay burst to determine the location of the problem; combined with multiple domain name tests, you can distinguish between general
How to manage environment variables
Jul 21, 2025 am 12:46 AM
The key to managing environment variables is to use .env files to centrally manage, distinguish different environment configurations, inject variables during deployment, and avoid hard-coded sensitive information. Specific practices include: 1. Use .env files to store variables and distinguish them by environment, such as .env.development and .env.production, and add .gitignore; 2. Use NODE_ENV and other identifiers to determine the corresponding configuration of the current environment to automatically load; 3. Inject variables at the system level when deploying servers, Docker or cloud platforms to improve security; 4. All sensitive information must be obtained from environment variables, the naming must be clear, and can be managed in combination with encryption means or special tools.
What tools are used for Linux monitoring
Jul 21, 2025 am 12:08 AM
Linux monitoring involves a variety of tools, system performance monitoring tools include top/htop real-time viewing of resource usage, vmstat displays virtual memory status, iostat detects disk IO bottlenecks, and sar records historical performance data. The log monitoring tool includes journalctl filtering service logs, dmesg debugging kernel issues, logrotate management log life cycle, and rsyslog/syslog-ng centralized forwarding logs. In terms of network monitoring, SS/NNSTAT checks the connection status, NMap scans open ports, TCPDump captures traffic analysis, and iftop monitors bandwidth usage. Remote monitoring solutions such as Nagios implement deep custom alarms, Zab
How to set the system hostname
Jul 26, 2025 am 12:48 AM
The method of changing the system hostname varies from operating system to operating system, but the overall process is simple and clear. First, check the current host name, which can be viewed through the hostname or hostnamectl command; second, the hostname can be temporarily changed, Linux uses sudohostnamenew-hostname, and macOS uses sudoscutil-setHostNamenew-hostname; if you need to change it permanently, Linux needs to edit the /etc/hostname file and update the old hostname in /etc/hosts to the new name, and then run sudohostname-F/etc/hostname or restart to apply the changes; macO
How to check open ports using netstat or ss
Jul 17, 2025 am 12:34 AM
To check open ports in Linux system, you can use netstat or ss tool; 1. Use sudonetstat-tuln or sudoss-tuln to view all listening ports; 2. Add -p parameters (netstat) or p (ss) to display process information of the listening port; 3. Check whether a specific port is open through the pipeline | grep: port number; it is recommended to use ss first, because it is more efficient. If you need to install netstat, you can implement it by installing the net-tools package. Troubleshooting external access conditions must also cooperate with telnet, nc or nmap tests.
