How to create a grid in CSS?
To define a grid container, you need to set display: grid; 2. Use grid-template-columns and grid-template-rows to set the row and column size; 3. Use flexible units such as fr, auto, % to implement responsive layout; 4. Use repeat() function to simplify repeated column or row definitions; 5. Use minmax() and auto-fit/auto-fill to achieve adaptive grids; 6. Optionally, precisely control project location through grid-column, grid-row or grid-area; complete settings include container declaration, track definition, gap addition and responsive optimization, and can build an efficient and flexible two-dimensional layout.
Creating a grid in CSS is straightforward using CSS Grid Layout , a powerful two-dimensional layout system. Here's how to set it up step by step.
1. Define a Grid Container
To create a grid, start by applying display: grid to a container element:
.container {
display: grid;
}This turns the element into a grid container, and its direct children become grid items.
2. Set Up Columns and Rows
Use grid-template-columns and grid-template-rows to define the size and number of columns and rows.
Example: A 3-column grid with 2 rows
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 100px 150px 100px;
grid-template-rows: 80px 60px;
gap: 10px; /* Adds space between grid items */
}This creates:
- 3 columns (100px, 150px, 100px wide)
- 2 rows (80px and 60px tall)
- 10px gap between items
3. Use Flexible Units (like fr , auto , % )
For responsive grids, use flexible units:
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr 1fr; /* Middle column twice as wide */
grid-template-rows: auto 100px;
gap: 1rem;
}-
fr= fraction of available space -
auto= size based on content -
%= percentage of container width/height
4. Use repeat() for Simplicity
To avoid repetition, use the repeat() function:
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); /* 3 equal columns */
gap: 20px;
}You can also combine patterns:
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 150px 1fr);
5. Make It Responsive
Use minmax() and auto-fit / auto-fill with repeat() :
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
gap: 16px;
}- This creates as many columns as fit, each at least 200px wide, expanding equally.
- Great for responsive card layouts.
6. Place Items Explicitly (Optional)
You can position items precisely:
.item1 {
grid-column: 1 / 3; /* spans from column 1 to 3 */
grid-row: 1 / 2; /* spans one row */
} Or use grid-area :
.item2 {
grid-area: 2 / 1 / 3 / 4; /* row start / col start / row end / col end */
}Basic HTML Example
<div class="container"> <div class="item">1</div> <div class="item">2</div> <div class="item">3</div> <div class="item">4</div> <div class="item">5</div> <div class="item">6</div> </div>
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
gap: 10px;
}
.item {
background: lightblue;
padding: 20px;
text-align: center;
} That's it. CSS Grid is flexible and efficient for both simple and complex layouts. Start with display: grid , define your tracks, add gaps, and go responsive when needed. Basically just a few lines and you're set.
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