Why is Keyset Pagination More Efficient Than OFFSET for Database Pagination?

UseMySQLEnterpriseAuditPluginifonEnterpriseEditionbyenablingitinconfigurationwithserver-audit=FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENTandcustomizeeventsviaserver_audit_events;2.Forfreealternatives,usePerconaServerorMariaDBwiththeiropen-sourceauditpluginslikeaudit_log;3.

TosecureMySQLeffectively,useobject-levelprivilegestolimituseraccessbasedontheirspecificneeds.Beginbyunderstandingthatobject-levelprivilegesapplytodatabases,tables,orcolumns,offeringfinercontrolthanglobalprivileges.Next,applytheprincipleofleastprivile

MySQL needs to be optimized for financial systems: 1. Financial data must be used to ensure accuracy using DECIMAL type, and DATETIME is used in time fields to avoid time zone problems; 2. Index design should be reasonable, avoid frequent updates of fields to build indexes, combine indexes in query order and clean useless indexes regularly; 3. Use transactions to ensure consistency, control transaction granularity, avoid long transactions and non-core operations embedded in it, and select appropriate isolation levels based on business; 4. Partition historical data by time, archive cold data and use compressed tables to improve query efficiency and optimize storage.

Useamany-to-manyrelationshipwithajunctiontabletolinkitemsandtagsviathreetables:items,tags,anditem_tags.2.Whenaddingtags,checkforexistingtagsinthetagstable,insertifnecessary,thencreatemappingsinitem_tagsusingtransactionsforconsistency.3.Queryitemsbyta

MySQL supports CHECK constraints to force domain integrity, effective from version 8.0.16; 1. Add constraints when creating a table: Use CREATETABLE to define CHECK conditions, such as age ≥18, salary > 0, department limit values; 2. Modify the table to add constraints: Use ALTERTABLEADDCONSTRAINT to limit field values, such as name non-empty; 3. Use complex conditions: support multi-column logic and expressions, such as end date ≥start date and completion status must have an end date; 4. Delete constraints: use ALTERTABLEDROPCONSTRAINT to specify the name to delete; 5. Notes: MySQL8.0.16, InnoDB or MyISAM needs to be quoted

TooptimizeMySQLforreal-timedatafeeds,firstchoosetheInnoDBstorageenginefortransactionsandrow-levellocking,useMEMORYorROCKSDBfortemporarydata,andpartitiontime-seriesdatabytime.Second,indexstrategicallybyonlyapplyingindexestoWHERE,JOIN,orORDERBYcolumns,

When dealing with large tables, MySQL performance and maintainability face challenges, and it is necessary to start from structural design, index optimization, table sub-table strategy, etc. 1. Reasonably design primary keys and indexes: It is recommended to use self-increment integers as primary keys to reduce page splits; use overlay indexes to improve query efficiency; regularly analyze slow query logs and delete invalid indexes. 2. Rational use of partition tables: partition according to time range and other strategies to improve query and maintenance efficiency, but attention should be paid to partitioning and cutting issues. 3. Consider reading and writing separation and library separation: Read and writing separation alleviates the pressure on the main library. The library separation and table separation are suitable for scenarios with a large amount of data. It is recommended to use middleware and evaluate transaction and cross-store query problems. Early planning and continuous optimization are the key.

Whether MySQL is worth moving to the cloud depends on the specific usage scenario. If your business needs to be launched quickly, expand elastically and simplify operations and maintenance, and can accept a pay-as-you-go model, then moving to the cloud is worth it; but if your database is stable for a long time, latency sensitive or compliance restrictions, it may not be cost-effective. The keys to controlling costs include selecting the right vendor and package, configuring resources reasonably, utilizing reserved instances, managing backup logs and optimizing query performance.