How Do I Configure Java Client Certificates for Secure HTTPS Connections?

Java Client Certificates for HTTPS/SSL Connections

In Java 6, creating HTTPS connections using client certificates involves a two-fold process: importing the server's self-signed root certificate into a truststore and specifying the client certificate and keystore information through system properties.

Importing the Server's Root Certificate

The self-signed root certificate must be imported into a truststore. This can be achieved using the command:

keytool -import -alias gridserver -file gridserver.crt -storepass $PASS -keystore gridserver.keystore

Specifying Client Certificate Information

To use the client certificate, the following system properties need to be set:

-Djavax.net.ssl.keyStoreType=pkcs12
-Djavax.net.ssl.trustStoreType=jks
-Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=clientcertificate.p12
-Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=gridserver.keystore
-Djavax.net.debug=ssl # for verbose debugging
-Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=$PASS
-Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=$PASS

Sample Code

The following code sample demonstrates using the client certificate for an HTTPS connection:

SSLSocketFactory sslsocketfactory = (SSLSocketFactory) SSLSocketFactory.getDefault();
URL url = new URL("https://gridserver:3049/cgi-bin/ls.py");
HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection)url.openConnection();
conn.setSSLSocketFactory(sslsocketfactory);
InputStream inputstream = conn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputstreamreader = new InputStreamReader(inputstream);
BufferedReader bufferedreader = new BufferedReader(inputstreamreader);

String string = null;
while ((string = bufferedreader.readLine()) != null) {
    System.out.println("Received " + string);
}

By importing the server's root certificate into the truststore and specifying the necessary client certificate information, Java can successfully establish HTTPS connections with client certificates.

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