How to Handle Errors Gracefully When Using Python's Requests Module?

Catching Errors with Python's Requests Module

When using the requests module to make HTTP requests, it's essential to handle errors gracefully. The try/except structure allows you to capture errors and respond appropriately.

Correct Usage of try/except

The provided example using try/except to catch requests.ConnectionError is correct but limited. While it will capture network-related issues, it won't cover other error types like timeouts or too many redirects.

Covering All Exceptions

To catch all request-related errors, you can use the base-class exception requests.exceptions.RequestException:

try:
    r = requests.get(url, params={'s': thing})
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
    # Handle the error accordingly

Handling Specific Errors

Alternatively, you can catch specific error types separately:

try:
    r = requests.get(url, params={'s': thing})
except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
    # Retry or continue in a retry loop
except requests.exceptions.TooManyRedirects:
    # Prompt the user to correct the URL
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
    # Handle catastrophic errors

Catching HTTP Errors

If you want to raise exceptions for HTTP error codes (e.g., 401 Unauthorized), call Response.raise_for_status() after making a request:

try:
    r = requests.get('http://www.google.com/nothere')
    r.raise_for_status()
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as err:
    # Handle the HTTP error

By implementing proper error handling, you ensure your scripts/programs can respond effectively to different errors encountered during HTTP requests.

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