How do I install software and set environment variables with non-root user rights?-Linux-php.cn

How do I install software and set environment variables with non-root user rights?

WBOY

Release： 2024-06-16 15:51:25

Original

385 people have browsed it

如何在非 root 用户权限下安装软件并设置环境变量？

Article Directory

Condition

Use root userLinux uses root userLinux compression command, because the permissions are large enough, everything can be done easily

How about the Linux system when non-root users have low permissions? Even yuminstall cannot be used, so how to install software

Install rpm package

1. Take installing the wget tool as an example

First download a wget rpm package on the windows browser

http://www.rpmfind.net/linux/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm

Copy after login

Simulate offline installation afterwards

linux使用root用户_用户使用报告模板_用户使用报告

2. Use a non-root user to log in to the linux system

# 尝试安装yumdownloader，不行的，需要root权限
[nim01@svngit root]$ yum install yumdownloader
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
You need to be root to perform this command.
# 尝试执行wget命令，不行，没有安装
[nim01@svngit root]$ wget
bash: wget: command not found
# 尝试安装wget，不行的，需要root权限
[nim01@svngit root]$ yum install wget
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
You need to be root to perform this command.

Copy after login

Upload the wget.***.rpm package we downloaded to the linux system

Last login: Wed Dec2 09:44:05 2020
[nim01@svngit ~]$ pwd
/home/nim01
# root已经安装lrzsz了，直接上传
[nim01@svngit ~]$ rz
[nim01@svngit ~]$ ll
total 548
-rw-r--r--. 1 nim01 nim01 560272 Dec22020 wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm

Copy after login

用户使用报告_用户使用报告模板_linux使用root用户

3. Install rpm package

Extracting files

# 执行下面指令，从安装包中提取文件
[nim01@svngit ~]$ rpm2cpio wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm | cpio -idvm
./etc/wgetrc
./usr/bin/wget
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/AUTHORS
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/COPYING
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/MAILING-LIST
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/NEWS
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/README
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/sample.wgetrc
./usr/share/info/wget.info.gz
./usr/share/locale/be/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ca/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/cs/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/da/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/el/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/en_GB/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/eo/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/et/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/eu/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/fi/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ga/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/gl/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/he/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/hr/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/hu/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/id/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/lt/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/nb/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/nl/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/pt/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/pt_BR/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ro/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ru/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/sk/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/sl/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/sr/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/sv/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/tr/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/uk/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/vi/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/zh_TW/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/man/man1/wget.1.gz
4030 blocks

Copy after login

Check

用户使用报告模板_linux使用root用户_用户使用报告

# 提取完之后，当前目录多了etc和usr两个目录
[nim01@svngit ~]$ ll
total 548
drwxrwxr-x. 2 nim01 nim01 20 Dec2 10:13 etc
drwxrwxr-x. 4 nim01 nim01 30 Dec2 10:13 usr
-rw-r--r--. 1 nim01 nim01 560272 Dec22020 wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm

Copy after login

Check

# 进入usr/bin目录，可以看到可执行的wget文件
[nim01@svngit ~]$ cd usr/
[nim01@svngit usr]$ ll
total 0
drwxrwxr-x. 2 nim01 nim01 18 Dec2 10:13 bin
drwxrwxr-x. 6 nim01 nim01 54 Dec2 10:13 share
[nim01@svngit usr]$ cd bin/
[nim01@svngit bin]$ ll
total 412
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 nim01 nim01 418776 May 162019 wget

Copy after login

4. Set environment variables

用户使用报告_linux使用root用户_用户使用报告模板

In the home directory, directly edit the .bashrc file and lower the path of the executable program to the system PATH

In this wayLinux uses the root user and can directly execute the wget command

# .bashrc
# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
. /etc/bashrc
fi
# Uncomment the following line if you don't like systemctl's auto-paging feature:
# export SYSTEMD_PAGER=
# User specific aliases and functions
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/usr/bin

Copy after login

After saving and exiting

# 执行source，让修改生效
[nim01@svngit ~]$ source .bashrc
# 执行wget，可正常使用
[nim01@svngit ~]$ wget
wget: missing URL
Usage: wget [OPTION]... [URL]...
Try `wget --help' for more options.

Copy after login

The above is the detailed content of How do I install software and set environment variables with non-root user rights?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!