Guardian of communication power system: lithium-ion battery

In the communication power system, in order to ensure the uninterrupted operation of the communication power system, lithium-ion batteries serve as backup power and become its important guardian. A communication power system equipped with a lithium-ion battery. When the mains power fails, the lithium-ion battery immediately replaces the mains power to supply power to the load equipment to ensure that the load can work uninterrupted.

In this issue, please follow Doc into the world of lithium-ion batteries and reveal the secrets of lithium-ion batteries for you!

1. Lithium-ion battery structure

The structure of lithium-ion battery is shown in the figure below. Lithium-ion batteries are mainly composed of 4 parts, namely positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte and separator. Please refer to the table for its composition and function.

Component name	Composition	Function
Positive pole	Usually lithium compounds.	During the charging process, the positive electrode releases lithium ions to the negative electrode. During the discharge process, the positive electrode absorbs lithium ions from the negative electrode.
Negative electrode	is usually graphite or other carbon materials.	During the charging process, the negative electrode absorbs lithium ions from the positive electrode. During the discharge process, the negative electrode releases the absorbed lithium ions.
Electrolyte	is usually an organic solvent containing lithium salt.	Provides conduction and transmission of lithium ions.
Separator	is usually made of polymer material.	Prevent direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes causing short circuit and improve battery safety.

2. Working principle of lithium-ion battery

In the communication power system, the work of lithium-ion battery includes two important links: charging and discharging. When the mains power is normal, the lithium-ion battery begins to charge, converting the electrical energy provided by the external power supply into chemical energy and storing it. When the mains power fails, the communication power system switches to using lithium-ion batteries to power other communication equipment. During the discharge process, lithium-ion batteries convert the chemical energy stored inside into electrical energy. Simply put, the charging process of lithium-ion batteries is to convert electrical energy into chemical energy and store it, while the discharge process is to convert chemical energy into electrical energy and release it. So how does the lithium-ion battery itself work during the charging and discharging process? In fact, the charging and discharging process of lithium-ion batteries is based on the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes. Take a look at the picture below and you will understand it in seconds! As can be seen from the above picture:During the charging processMovement of lithium ions: The external power supply causes lithium ions to be released from the cathode material. Under the action of the electrolyte, An oxidation reaction occurs and moves into the negative electrode. Movement of electrons: At the same time, electrons (e-) flow from the positive electrode to the negative electrode through the external circuit. During the discharge processMovement of lithium ions: Lithium ions are released from the negative electrode, and under the action of the electrolyte, an oxidation-reduction reaction occurs and moves to the positive electrode. Movement of electrons: At the same time, electrons (e-) flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode through the external circuit. The charge and discharge process of lithium-ion batteries is reversible. Through the continuous cycle of charge and discharge, lithium-ion batteries can provide continuous power for communication power systems.

3. Three treasures of lithium-ion battery protection

Compared with traditional lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries have a longer service life. Specifically, it can undergo thousands of charge and discharge cycles. In order to ensure the safety and long life of lithium-ion batteries, you need to pay attention to the following protections!

4. Future prospects of lithium-ion batteries

Although lithium-ion batteries are used as backup power sources for communication power systems, they can provide stable power in a short time and ensure the reliability of communication power systems. Although it operates intermittently, its safety, cycle life and cost are still challenges that have to be faced. Lithium-ion battery technology is constantly evolving, showing obvious development directions and trends: Improve the capacity and power density of lithium-ion batteries. By increasing the energy stored in lithium-ion batteries, they provide longer working hours. Reduce the cost of lithium-ion batteries. Reduce material cost issues by developing new electrode materials. Improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries. By exploring safer electrode materials, we can reduce safety risks during battery use. I believe that with the unremitting efforts of scientists, the challenges in lithium-ion batteries can be overcome by improving existing technologies and developing new materials! This article comes from the WeChat public account: ZTE Documents (ID: ztedoc)

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