Build low-latency server architecture using C++

Building a low-latency server in C++ involves choosing appropriate libraries (such as Boost.Asio and libuv), implementing I/O multiplexing, non-blocking I/O, and event loops: Choosing an appropriate network programming library such as Boost.Asio or libuv. Use I/O multiplexing to handle multiple connections simultaneously. Apply non-blocking I/O so that the server continues processing requests until the read or write operations are completed. Use event loop to manage concurrency, lightweight and efficient.

Building low-latency server architecture using C++

Low-latency servers are ideal for online games, trading systems, and many other real-time applications It's important. Building low-latency servers in C++ requires a deep understanding of network and systems programming.

Choose the right library

Boost.Asio and libuv are popular C++ libraries for advanced network programming. Boost.Asio provides non-blocking I/O operations, while libuv provides the event loop.

I/O Multiplexing

Use I/O multiplexing to handle multiple connections simultaneously instead of creating a new thread for each connection . This can significantly reduce latency because I/O operations are not blocked from processing other requests.

Non-blocking I/O

By using non-blocking I/O, the server can continue processing other requests before the read or write operation is completed. This can greatly improve server throughput.

Event Loop

The event loop is the core component for handling I/O events and timers. It constantly monitors file descriptors and executes callback functions when events occur. This is a lightweight and efficient way to manage concurrency.

Practical Case: Building an HTTP Server

#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <iostream>

using boost::asio::ip::tcp;

int main() {
  // 创建一个服务端套接字
  tcp::acceptor acceptor(boost::asio::io_service(), tcp::endpoint(tcp::v4(), 8080));

  // 不断接受新的连接
  while (true) {
    tcp::socket socket(acceptor.get_io_service());
    acceptor.accept(socket);

    // 为新连接创建一个处理函数
    std::thread([&socket] {
      // 读取请求并发送响应
      std::string request, response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\nHello world!\n";
      size_t len = socket.read_some(boost::asio::buffer(request));
      socket.write_some(boost::asio::buffer(response));

      // 关闭连接
      socket.close();
    }).detach();
  }

  return 0;
}

Conclusion

By choosing the appropriate library and implementing I/O multiple Channel multiplexing, non-blocking I/O, and event loops allow you to build low-latency servers with excellent performance in C++.

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