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Common design patterns in C++ concurrent programming

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Release： 2024-06-02 14:42:56

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In C++ concurrent programming, the use of design patterns can improve the readability, maintainability and scalability of the code. Common patterns include: producer-consumer pattern: one thread generates data and other threads consume data. . Reader-writer mode: Multiple readers can access shared resources at the same time, but only one writer can access it. Monitor mode: protects concurrent access to shared resources, enforces synchronization and status checks. Thread pool mode: Create thread groups in advance to avoid the overhead of frequently creating and destroying threads.

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Common design patterns in C++ concurrent programming

In concurrent programming, the use of design patterns can significantly improve the reliability of the code. Readability, maintainability and scalability. The following lists some common patterns in C++ concurrent programming:

Producer-Consumer Pattern

In this pattern, a producer thread generates data, And one or more consumer threads consume this data. Common implementation methods are to use queues or shared memory.

Example:

class Producer {
public:
    void produce(const T& data) {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex);
        queue.push(data);
    }
private:
    std::queue<T> queue;
    std::mutex queue_mutex;
};

class Consumer {
public:
    void consume() {
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex);
        if (queue.empty()) {
            condition_variable.wait(lock);
        }
        const T& data = queue.front();
        queue.pop();
        lock.unlock();
        // ...
    }
private:
    std::shared_ptr<Producer> producer;
    std::condition_variable condition_variable;
    std::mutex queue_mutex;
};

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Reader-Writer Mode

This mode allows multiple readers to access shared resources at the same time, but Only one writer can access it. Reentrant locks or read-write locks are often used to implement this pattern.

Example:

class ReadWriteLock {
public:
    void read_lock() {
        while (write_locked) {
            unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(read_mutex);
            read_count++;
        }
    }

    void read_unlock() {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(read_mutex);
        read_count--;
    }

    void write_lock() {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(write_mutex);
        while (read_count > 0) { /* 等待读完成 */}
        write_locked = true;
    }

    void write_unlock() {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(write_mutex);
        write_locked = false;
    }

private:
    bool write_locked = false;
    int read_count = 0;
    std::mutex read_mutex;
    std::mutex write_mutex;
};

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Monitor Pattern

Monitor pattern protects concurrency by limiting data access to a single object Access shared resources. Monitor objects encapsulate data and operations and enforce synchronization and status checking.

Example:

class Account {
public:
    void deposit(int amount) {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(balance_mutex);
        balance += amount;
    }

    int withdraw(int amount) {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(balance_mutex);
        if (amount <= balance) {
            balance -= amount;
            return amount;
        }
        return 0;
    }

    int get_balance() {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(balance_mutex);
        return balance;
    }

private:
    int balance = 0;
    std::mutex balance_mutex;
};

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Thread pool mode

Thread pool mode provides a pre-created thread group that is controlled by the client Used by end threads. By using a thread pool, you can avoid the overhead of frequently creating and destroying threads.

Example:

class ThreadPool {
public:
    ThreadPool(int num_threads) {
        for (int i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
            threads.emplace_back(std::thread([this] {
                while (true) {
                    std::function<void()> task;
                    {
                        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(tasks_mutex);
                        if (tasks.empty()) {
                            condition_variable.wait(lock);
                        }
                        task = std::move(tasks.front());
                        tasks.pop();
                    }
                    task();
                }
            }));
        }
    }

    void submit(std::function<void()> task) {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(tasks_mutex);
        tasks.push(std::move(task));
        condition_variable.notify_one();
    }

private:
    std::vector<std::jthread> threads;
    std::queue<std::function<void()>> tasks;
    std::mutex tasks_mutex;
    std::condition_variable condition_variable;
};

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