How to deal with resource management in C++ class design?

Resource management strategy: RAII: Automatically obtain resources during object construction and release resources during destruction. Reference counting: Track the number of resource references and release the resource when the reference count reaches 0. Manual release: Manually release resources by calling specific functions.

How to handle resource management in C++ class design

In C++ class design, it is crucial to handle resource management correctly to avoid memory leaks, Unreleased resources and other runtime issues. Resource management strategies mainly include the following:

RAII (resource acquisition is initialization)

RAII is a resource management technology that obtains resources in the object constructor and executes them in the object destructor. Release resources to manage resources. For example:

class Resource {
public:
    Resource() {
        // 获取资源
    }

    ~Resource() {
        // 释放资源
    }
};

void function() {
    {
        Resource resource; // 在构造时获取资源
    } // 在析构时释放资源
}

Reference counting

Reference counting is a technology that tracks the number of resource references and releases the resource when the reference count reaches 0. For example:

class Resource {
public:
    Resource() : count(0) {}

    void acquire() { count++; }

    void release() {
        if (--count == 0) {
            // 释放资源
        }
    }

private:
    int count;
};

void function() {
    Resource resource;
    resource.acquire(); // 引用计数 +1
    resource.release(); // 引用计数 -1
    // ...
    resource.release(); // 引用计数 -1，释放资源
}

Manual release

Manual release is a method to explicitly release resources. You need to manually call release() or delete# at the appropriate time. ## Function. For example:

class Resource {
public:
    Resource() : ptr(nullptr) {}

    void acquire(void* ptr) { this->ptr = ptr; }

    void release() {
        if (ptr) {
            // 释放资源
        }
        ptr = nullptr;
    }

private:
    void* ptr;
};

void function() {
    Resource resource;
    resource.acquire(malloc(1024));
    resource.release(); // 手动释放资源
}

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

class FileHandle {
public:
    FileHandle(const std::string& filename) {
        file.open(filename);
    }

    ~FileHandle() {
        file.close();
    }

    std::fstream& file;
};

int main() {
    {
        FileHandle file("myfile.txt"); // 构造时打开文件
        // 进行文件读写操作...
    } // 析构时关闭文件
}

Avoid resource leaks: Ensure that all resources are released after use.
• Avoid deadlock: Ensure resources are released in the proper order.
• Consider efficiency: Choose a strategy that fits your application's performance requirements.

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