Comparison between PHP multithreading and Go coroutines?

PHP multi-threading and Go coroutines are both effective mechanisms in high-concurrency scenarios. Multi-threading provides powerful management functions, but the overhead is large, while coroutines are very lightweight and have less overhead. In actual combat, PHP multi-threading is suitable for tasks such as concurrent crawlers, while Go coroutines are more suitable for scenarios such as web servers.

Comparison of PHP multi-threading and Go coroutines

Introduction

In high-concurrency scenarios, improving program performance is crucial . The traditional multi-threading mechanism in PHP and the coroutine mechanism of the Go language are both effective means to deal with high concurrency challenges. This article will compare the two mechanisms and provide practical examples to illustrate their key differences.

PHP multi-threading

Principle and syntax

The multi-threading mechanism in PHP is based on POSIX thread creation. Each thread has its own task, stack and execution flow. You can create a thread through the pthread_create() function and join it to the main thread through the pthread_join() function.

<?php
$thread = new Thread();
$thread->start(function() {
    echo "Hello from thread!" . PHP_EOL;
});
$thread->join();
?>

Features

• Powerful thread management function that can create, kill and synchronize threads.
• Each thread occupies an independent memory space, which is expensive.
• Inter-thread communication needs to consider locks and race conditions.

Go coroutine

Principle and syntax

Go coroutine is a lightweight execution entity. Compared with threads, coroutines share the same address. Space and stack. Coroutines are created using the go keyword and executed in the func function. Coroutines communicate through channels.

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    go func() {
        fmt.Println("Hello from goroutine!") // 协程
    }()
    fmt.Println("Hello from main!") // 主程序
}

Features

• Coroutines are very lightweight and have low creation and management costs.
• Coroutines share address space, reducing overhead.
• The built-in channel mechanism simplifies communication between coroutines.

Practical case

PHP multi-threading case: concurrent crawler

<?php
class WebCrawlerThread {
    private $url;

    public function __construct($url) {
        $this->url = $url;
    }

    public function run() {
        $content = file_get_contents($this->url);
        // ... 处理爬取内容 ...
    }
}

$threads = [];
$urls = ['url1', 'url2', 'url3'];

foreach ($urls as $url) {
    $thread = new WebCrawlerThread($url);
    $thread->start();
    $threads[] = $thread;
}

foreach ($threads as $thread) {
    $thread->join();
}
?>

Go coroutine case: Web server

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}

func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    go func() {
        // 并发地处理请求
        fmt.Fprintln(w, "Hello from goroutine!")
    }()
    fmt.Fprintln(w, "Hello from main goroutine!")
}

Conclusion

PHP multi-threading and Go coroutines are both effective mechanisms for handling high-concurrency scenarios. Multi-threading provides powerful management functions, but the overhead is high. Coroutines are very lightweight, have less overhead, and simplify communication. Practical cases demonstrate the specific application of these two mechanisms in concurrent programming.

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