How to improve concurrency performance in Golang technical performance optimization?

How to improve the concurrency performance of Go applications? Use Goroutine pool: Reduce goroutine creation and destruction overhead. Use Channel for communication: share data efficiently and reduce lock competition. Synchronous access to shared data: Use Mutex to protect shared data and avoid data corruption. Pay attention to memory allocation: avoid frequent allocation and release of memory to reduce the impact of GC.

Go language technology performance optimization: improving concurrency performance

It is crucial to improve concurrency performance in Golang because it directly affects Application scalability and responsiveness. This article will explore some proven techniques to illustrate how to optimize concurrency in Go applications through practical examples.

Go language concurrency basics

The Go language has excellent built-in concurrency support, and its core primitives include:

• goroutine: Lightweight threads in the Go language
• channel: Channel used for communication between goroutines
• Mutex: Used to synchronize access to shared data

Techniques to improve concurrency performance

1. Use Goroutine pool

Creating a goroutine pool can avoid the overhead caused by frequent creation and destruction of goroutines. Pooling allows existing goroutines to be reused, thereby improving performance.

Practical case:

type Pool struct {
    work chan func()
    wg   sync.WaitGroup
}

func NewPool(n int) *Pool {
    p := &Pool{
        work: make(chan func(), n),
    }

    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
        p.wg.Add(1)
        go func() {
            for f := range p.work {
                f()
                p.wg.Done()
            }
        }()
    }

    return p
}

func (p *Pool) Submit(f func()) {
    p.work <- f
}

func (p *Pool) Shutdown() {
    close(p.work)
    p.wg.Wait()
}

2. Using Channel for communication

Channel provides a non-blocking communication mechanism , allowing efficient sharing of data between goroutines. This reduces lock contention and improves performance.

Practical case:

channel := make(chan int)

go func() {
    // Goroutine 1
    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
        channel <- i
    }
}()

go func() {
    // Goroutine 2
    for i := range channel {
        println(i)
    }
}()

3. Synchronous access to shared data

Mutex is used to protect shared data in concurrent situations Data access to prevent data corruption. But overuse of Mutex can lead to performance degradation.

Practical case:

var mu sync.Mutex
var counter int

func incrementCounter() {
    mu.Lock()
    counter++
    mu.Unlock()
}

func getCounter() int {
    mu.Lock()
    result := counter
    mu.Unlock()
    return result
}

4. Pay attention to memory allocation

In the Go language, GC (garbage collection) may Will have an impact on performance. Frequent memory allocations can trigger GC, causing the application to pause.

Practical case:

// 避免使用临时变量
for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
    _ = strconv.Itoa(i) // 分配一个临时字符串
}

// 使用缓冲区优化字符串拼接
var buf bytes.Buffer

for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
    buf.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(i))
}
s := buf.String() // 一次性分配字符串

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