Home > php教程 > php手册 > PHP、Python和Javascript的装饰器模式对比,pythonjavascript

PHP、Python和Javascript的装饰器模式对比,pythonjavascript

WBOY
Release: 2016-06-13 09:15:38
Original
1037 people have browsed it

PHP、Python和Javascript的装饰器模式对比,pythonjavascript

修饰模式(Decorator Pattern),又叫装饰者模式,是面向对象编程领域中,一种动态地往一个类中添加新的行为的设计模式。就功能而言,修饰模式相比生成子类更为灵活,这样可以给某个对象而不是整个类添加一些功能。装饰模式非常适用于灵活扩展对象的功能,下面是装饰模式的UML图:

例如,有一个技术论坛,用户通过留言进行沟通,由于刚开始论坛里都是熟人,几乎都不需要对留言的内容作出审核,接收留言的页面可以是这样:

class SaveMsg(){
 private $msg;
 public function __construct($msg){
 $this->msg=$msg;
 }
 public function __store(){
 //存入数据库
 }
}

Copy after login

后来,随着论坛逐渐出名,就有一些人在上面发链接,就需要对含有链接的消息进行过滤,论坛进一步发展,发现除开发垃圾链接的外,还有很多无用的灌水,到后来可能还有攻击等等各种不正常的帖子,所以对论坛帖子的管理,可以单独抽象出一个类进行管理,当需要扩充过滤规则时,可以进行动态扩充。

//基类
abstract class Filter{
 abstract public function isForbid();
}
//基础过滤类
class MsgFilter extends Filter{
 public $content;
 public function __construct($msg){
 $this->content=$msg;
 }
 public function isForbid(){
 if(preg_match("/https?/i",$this->content)){
 return [true,"Not Allowed Urls"];
 }else{
 return [false];
 }
 }
}
//装饰器,用来扩充功能
abstract class FilterDecorator extends Filter{
 protected $obj;
 public function __construct(Filter $obj){
 $this->obj=$obj;
 }
}
//新过滤器,判断是否重复发帖
class repeat extends FilterDecorator{
 public function isForbid(){
 if($this->obj->isForbid()[0] === true){
 //判定是否包含url
 return $this->obj->isForbid();
 }else if($this->obj->content == "this is a test"){
 //判定是否重复发帖
 return [true,"Repeat Posts"];
 }else{
 return [false];
 }
 }
}
$test = new MsgFilter("httpsfdjoafdsajof");
print_r($test->isForbid());//被禁止
$test2 = new repeat(new MsgFilter("this is a test"));
print_r($test2->isForbid());//被禁止

Copy after login


在python中,不存在抽象类和方法,实现就更加简单:

#!/usr/bin/env python
class Filter():
  pass
class MsgFilter(Filter):
  def __init__(self,msg):
    self.content=msg
  def isForbid(self):
    if('http' in self.content):
      return [True,"Not Allowed Urls"]
    else:
      return [False]
class FilterDecorator(Filter):
  def __init__(self,obj):
    self._obj=obj
class Repeat(FilterDecorator):
  def isForbid(self):
    if self._obj.isForbid()[0]:
      return self._obj.isForbid()
    elif self._obj.content == 'this is a test':
      return [True,"Repeat Posts"];
    else:
      return [False]
test = MsgFilter("this is a content have http urls")
print test.isForbid()
test2 = Repeat(MsgFilter('this is a test'))
print test2.isForbid()

Copy after login

Javascript中,没有严格的类,所有继承都基于原型,理解起来会稍费功夫:

function MsgFilter(msg){
 this.content=msg;
 this.isForbid=function(){
 if(this.content.match(/http/g)){
 return [true,"Not Allowed Urls"];
 }else {
 return [false];
 }
 }
}
function Repeat(obj){
 var _obj=obj;
 this.isForbid=function(){
 if(_obj.isForbid[0] === true){
 return _obj.isForbid();
 }else if(_obj.content=='this is a test'){
 return [true,"Repeat Posts"];
 }else{
 return [false];
 }
 }
}
var test = new MsgFilter("his is a content have http urls");
console.log(test.isForbid());
var test2 = new Repeat(new MsgFilter("this is a test"));
console.log(test2.isForbid());

Copy after login

由于Javascript缺少类的特性,继承对于它来说就显得有点鸡肋了,上面的代码看起来更像是对两个函数的处理, 在python中,有更加简单的添加装饰器的方法,直接通过”@”给函数自动添加装饰器,达到扩展功能的目的,如:

def Decorator(F):
  def newF(age):
    print "You Are Calling",F.__name__
    F(age)
  return newF
@Decorator
#通过@给函数showAge添加装饰器Decorator
def showAge(age):
  print "hello , i am %d years old"%age
showAge(10)
Copy after login

装饰模式的目的是解决动态扩展功能的难题,装饰模式的本质是对对象的灵活处理,理解装饰模式,不仅能深入了解面向对象的程序设计,更能提高编程的思维能力。

source:php.cn
Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Popular Recommendations
Popular Tutorials
More>
Latest Downloads
More>
Web Effects
Website Source Code
Website Materials
Front End Template