详解PHP的Yii框架中组件行为的属性注入和方法注入，yii框架

public function __get($name)
{
  $getter = 'get' . $name;
  if (method_exists($this, $getter)) {
    return $this->$getter();
  } else {
    // 注意这个 else 分支的内容，正是与 yii\base\Object::__get() 的
    // 不同之处
    $this->ensureBehaviors();
    foreach ($this->_behaviors as $behavior) {
      if ($behavior->canGetProperty($name)) {

        // 属性在行为中须为 public。否则不可能通过下面的形式访问呀。
        return $behavior->$name;
      }
    }
  }
  if (method_exists($this, 'set' . $name)) {
    throw new InvalidCallException('Getting write-only property: ' .
      get_class($this) . '::' . $name);
  } else {
    throw new UnknownPropertyException('Getting unknown property: ' .
      get_class($this) . '::' . $name);
  }
}

public function __call($name, $params)
{
  $this->ensureBehaviors();
  foreach ($this->_behaviors as $object) {
    if ($object->hasMethod($name)) {
      return call_user_func_array([$object, $name], $params);
    }
  }
  throw new UnknownMethodException('Calling unknown method: ' .
    get_class($this) . "::$name()");
}

public function canGetProperty($name, $checkVars = true)
{
  return method_exists($this, 'get' . $name) || $checkVars &&
    property_exists($this, $name);
}

public function canSetProperty($name, $checkVars = true)
{
  return method_exists($this, 'set' . $name) || $checkVars &&
    property_exists($this, $name);
}

public function hasMethod($name)
{
  return method_exists($this, $name);
}

class Foo
{
  public function __construct(Bar $bar)
  {
  }
}

$foo = $container->get('Foo');
// 上面的代码等价于：
$bar = new Bar;
$foo = new Foo($bar);

use yii\base\Object;

class Foo extends Object
{
  public $bar;

  private $_qux;

  public function getQux()
  {
    return $this->_qux;
  }

  public function setQux(Qux $qux)
  {
    $this->_qux = $qux;
  }
}

$container->get('Foo', [], [
  'bar' => $container->get('Bar'),
  'qux' => $container->get('Qux'),
]);

$container->set('Foo', function () {
  return new Foo(new Bar);
});

$foo = $container->get('Foo');

$container = new \yii\di\Container;

// 注册一个同类名一样的依赖关系，这个可以省略。
$container->set('yii\db\Connection');

// 注册一个接口
// 当一个类依赖这个接口时，相应的类会被初始化作为依赖对象。
$container->set('yii\mail\MailInterface', 'yii\swiftmailer\Mailer');

// 注册一个别名。
// 你可以使用 $container->get('foo') 创建一个 Connection 实例
$container->set('foo', 'yii\db\Connection');

// 通过配置注册一个类
// 通过 get() 初始化时，配置将会被使用。
$container->set('yii\db\Connection', [
  'dsn' => 'mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=demo',
  'username' => 'root',
  'password' => '',
  'charset' => 'utf8',
]);

// 通过类的配置注册一个别名
// 这种情况下，需要通过一个 “class” 元素指定这个类
$container->set('db', [
  'class' => 'yii\db\Connection',
  'dsn' => 'mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=demo',
  'username' => 'root',
  'password' => '',
  'charset' => 'utf8',
]);

// 注册一个 PHP 回调
// 每次调用 $container->get('db') 时，回调函数都会被执行。
$container->set('db', function ($container, $params, $config) {
  return new \yii\db\Connection($config);
});

// 注册一个组件实例
// $container->get('pageCache') 每次被调用时都会返回同一个实例。
$container->set('pageCache', new FileCache);

$container->setSingleton('yii\db\Connection', [
  'dsn' => 'mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=demo',
  'username' => 'root',
  'password' => '',
  'charset' => 'utf8',
]);

// "db" 是前面定义过的一个别名
$db = $container->get('db');

// 等价于： $engine = new \app\components\SearchEngine($apiKey, ['type' => 1]);
$engine = $container->get('app\components\SearchEngine', [$apiKey], ['type' => 1]);

namespace app\models;

use yii\base\Object;
use yii\db\Connection;
use yii\di\Container;

interface UserFinderInterface
{
  function findUser();
}

class UserFinder extends Object implements UserFinderInterface
{
  public $db;

  public function __construct(Connection $db, $config = [])
  {
    $this->db = $db;
    parent::__construct($config);
  }

  public function findUser()
  {
  }
}

class UserLister extends Object
{
  public $finder;

  public function __construct(UserFinderInterface $finder, $config = [])
  {
    $this->finder = $finder;
    parent::__construct($config);
  }
}

$container = new Container;
$container->set('yii\db\Connection', [
  'dsn' => '...',
]);
$container->set('app\models\UserFinderInterface', [
  'class' => 'app\models\UserFinder',
]);
$container->set('userLister', 'app\models\UserLister');

$lister = $container->get('userLister');

// 等价于:

$db = new \yii\db\Connection(['dsn' => '...']);
$finder = new UserFinder($db);
$lister = new UserLister($finder);

\Yii::$container->set('yii\widgets\LinkPager', ['maxButtonCount' => 5]);

echo \yii\widgets\LinkPager::widget();

echo \yii\widgets\LinkPager::widget(['maxButtonCount' => 20]);

namespace app\controllers;

use yii\web\Controller;
use app\components\BookingInterface;

class HotelController extends Controller
{
  protected $bookingService;

  public function __construct($id, $module, BookingInterface $bookingService, $config = [])
  {
    $this->bookingService = $bookingService;
    parent::__construct($id, $module, $config);
  }
}