mysql 记录不存在时插入 记录存在则更新的实现方法

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Release: 2016-06-07 18:00:37
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相信很多人都需要用到这个语句,请看下文:(在4.1以后的版本才有效)

mysql 记录不存在时插入
在 MySQL 中,插入(insert)一条记录很简单,但是一些特殊应用,在插入记录前,需要检查这条记录是否已经存在,只有当记录不存在时才执行插入操作,本文介绍的就是这个问题的解决方案。

问题:我创建了一个表来存放客户信息,我知道可以用 insert 语句插入信息到表中,但是怎么样才能保证不会插入重复的记录呢?

答案:可以通过使用 EXISTS 条件句防止插入重复记录。

示例一:插入多条记录

假设有一个主键为 client_id 的 clients 表,可以使用下面的语句:

代码如下:
INSERT INTO clients
(client_id, client_name, client_type)
SELECT supplier_id, supplier_name, 'advertising'
FROM suppliers
WHERE not exists (select * from clients
where clients.client_id = suppliers.supplier_id);

示例一:插入单条记录
代码如下:
INSERT INTO clients
(client_id, client_name, client_type)
SELECT 10345, 'IBM', 'advertising'
FROM dual
WHERE not exists (select * from clients
where clients.client_id = 10345);

使用 dual 做表名可以让你在 select 语句后面直接跟上要插入字段的值,即使这些值还不存在当前表中。

mysql 记录不存在时插入 记录存在则更新的实现方法
代码如下:
mysql> truncate `200702`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from `200702`;
Empty set (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into `200702` (`domain`, `2nd_domain`, `tld`, `query_ns1`, `query_ns2`, `report_date`) values ('dnspod.com', 'dnspod', 'com', 1000, 2000, '2007-02-04') ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `query_ns1` = `query_ns1` + 1000, `query_ns2` = `query_ns2` + 2000;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from `200702`;
+----+------------+------------+------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-------------+
| id | domain | 2nd_domain | tld | query_ns1 | query_ns2 | query_ns3 | query_ns4 | report_date |
+----+------------+------------+------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-------------+
| 1 | dnspod.com | dnspod | com | 1000 | 2000 | 0 | 0 | 2007-02-04 |
+----+------------+------------+------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into `200702` (`domain`, `2nd_domain`, `tld`, `query_ns1`, `query_ns2`, `report_date`) values ('dnspod.com', 'dnspod', 'com', 1000, 2000, '2007-02-04') ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `query_ns1` = `query_ns1` + 1000, `query_ns2` = `query_ns2` + 2000;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from `200702`;
+----+------------+------------+------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-------------+
| id | domain | 2nd_domain | tld | query_ns1 | query_ns2 | query_ns3 | query_ns4 | report_date |
+----+------------+------------+------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-------------+
| 1 | dnspod.com | dnspod | com | 2000 | 4000 | 0 | 0 | 2007-02-04 |
+----+------------+------------+------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
当然,建表的时候,千万别忘记了给domain做一个unique
UNIQUE KEY `domain` (`domain`,`report_date`)

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