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如何从MySQL数据库表中检索数据

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Release: 2016-06-07 16:05:36
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在《用MySQL创建数据库和数据库表》文章中,我们如何创建一个数据库和数据库表,并知道如何向数据库表中添加记录。那么我们如何从数据库表中检索数据呢? 1、从数据库表中检索信息 实际上,前面我们已经用到了SELECT语句,它用来从数据库表中检索信息。 sele

在《用MySQL创建数据库和数据库表》文章中,我们如何创建一个数据库和数据库表,并知道如何向数据库表中添加记录。 那么我们如何从数据库表中检索数据呢?
1、从数据库表中检索信息
实际上,前面我们已经用到了SELECT语句,它用来从数据库表中检索信息。
select语句格式一般为:
SELECT 检索关键词 FROM 被检索的表 WHERE 检索条件(可选)
以前所使用的“ * ”表示选择所有的列。下面继续使用我们在上篇文章中创建的表mytable。
2、查询所有数据:

<ccid_code>mysql> select * from mytable; 
+----------+------+------------+----------+ 
| name | sex | birth | birthaddr | 
+----------+------+------------+--------+ 
| abccs |f | 1977-07-07 | china | 
| mary |f | 1978-12-12 | usa | 
| tom |m | 1970-09-02 | usa | 
+----------+------+------------+----------+ 
3 row in set (0.00 sec)</ccid_code>
Copy after login


3、修正错误记录: 
假如tom的出生日期有错误,应该是1973-09-02,则可以用update语句来修正: mysql> update mytable set birth = "1973-09-02" where name = "tom"; 再用2中的语句看看是否已更正过来。
4、选择特定行 

上面修改了tom的出生日期,我们可以选择tom这一行来看看是否已经有了变化:

<ccid_code>mysql> select * from mytable where name = "tom"; 
+--------+------+------------+------------+ 
| name |sex | birth | birthaddr | 
+--------+------+------------+------------+ 
| tom |m | 1973-09-02 | usa | 
+--------+------+------------+------------+ 
1 row in set (0.06 sec)</ccid_code>
Copy after login

上面WHERE的参数指定了检索条件。我们还可以用组合条件来进行查询:
<ccid_code>mysql> SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE sex = "f" AND birthaddr = "china"; 
+--------+------+------------+------------+ 
| name |sex | birth | birthaddr | 
+--------+------+------------+------------+ 
| abccs |f | 1977-07-07 | china | 
+--------+------+------------+------------+ 
1 row in set (0.06 sec)</ccid_code>
Copy after login

5、 选择特定列
假如你想查看表中的所有人的姓名,则可以这样操作:
<ccid_code>mysql> SELECT name FROM mytable; 
+----------+ 
| name | 
+----------+ 
| abccs | 
| mary | 
| tom | 
+----------+ 
3 row in set (0.00 sec)</ccid_code>
Copy after login

如果想列出姓名和性别两列,则可以用逗号将关键词name和birth分开: myaql> select name,birth from mytable; 
6、对行进行排序 
我们可以对表中的记录按生日大小进行排序:
<ccid_code>mysql> SELECT name, birth FROM mytable ORDER BY birth; 
+----------+------------+ 
| name | birth | 
+----------+------------+ 
| tom | 1973-09-02 | 
| abccs | 1977-07-07 | 
| mary | 1978-12-12 | 
+----------+------------+ 
3 row in set (0.00 sec)</ccid_code>
Copy after login

我们可以用DESC来进行逆序排序:
<ccid_code>mysql> SELECT name, birth FROM mytable ORDER BY birth DESC; 
+----------+------------+ 
| name | birth | 
+----------+------------+ 
| mary | 1978-12-12 | 
| abccs | 1977-07-07 | 
| tom | 1973-09-02 | 
+----------+------------+ 
3 row in set (0.00 sec)</ccid_code>
Copy after login

7、 行计数
数据库经常要统计一些数据,如表中员工的数目,我们就要用到行计数函数COUNT()。COUNT()函数用于对非NULL结果的记录进行计数:
<ccid_code>mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable; 
+----------+ 
| COUNT(*) | 
+----------+ 
| 3 | 
+----------+ 
1 row in set (0.06 sec) 
员工中男女数量: 
mysql> SELECT sex, COUNT(*) FROM mytable GROUP BY sex; 
+------+----------+ 
| sex | COUNT(*) | 
+------+----------+ 
| f | 2 | 
| m | 1 | 
+------+----------+ 
2 row in set (0.00 sec)</ccid_code>
Copy after login

注意我们使用了GROUP BY对SEX进行了分组。
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