How to change file permissions in Windows?
To manage file access in Windows, adjust permissions via File Properties' Security tab, use cacls or icacls commands in an elevated Command Prompt for advanced control, or take ownership first if restricted. Apply changes carefully to ensure proper access rights.
If you need to modify who can access or modify a file in Windows, adjusting file permissions is the way to go.
The operating environment of this tutorial: Dell XPS 13, Windows 11
1. Modify Permissions via File Properties
This method uses the built-in Security tab in file properties to adjust user and group permissions directly.
- Right-click the file or folder and select Properties.
- Navigate to the Security tab and click Edit.
- Select the user or group you want to modify; if not listed, click Add to include one.
- Under Permissions for [User], check the appropriate boxes such as Full control, Modify, or Read & execute.
- Click Apply, then OK to save changes.
2. Use Command Prompt with cacls
The cacls command allows you to view and change Access Control Lists (ACLs) from the command line for quick permission updates.
- Press Win R, type cmd, and press Enter.
- Run Command Prompt as administrator by right-clicking its entry and choosing Run as administrator.
- Type a command like: cacls "C:\path\to\file" /E /G username:F to grant full access to a user.
- Replace F with R for read-only or C for change permission.
- Press Enter to execute and confirm the change when prompted.
3. Utilize icacls for Advanced Permission Settings
icacls is an enhanced version of cacls that supports more detailed permissions and is recommended for complex scenarios.
- Open an elevated Command Prompt as described in the previous method.
- Use a command such as: icacls "C:\path\to\folder" /grant username:(OI)(CI)F.
- In this example, (OI) means Object Inherit, (CI) means Container Inherit, and F grants full access.
- To remove permissions, use /remove username.
- Execute the command and verify success by reviewing the output.
4. Take Ownership Before Changing Permissions
If you lack sufficient rights to alter permissions, taking ownership of the file or folder enables you to reassign access rights.
- Open the file’s Properties, go to the Security tab, and click Advanced.
- Next to Owner, click Change.
- Enter your username, click Check Names, then OK.
- Select Replace owner on subcontainers and objects if applying recursively.
- Click Apply and confirm the UAC prompt. Once ownership is taken, return to the Security tab to modify permissions.
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