composer require barryvdh/laravel-debugbar --dev

public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('profiles', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->increments('id');
            $table->string('phone');
            $table->unsignedInteger('user_id');
            //显示的声明外键：通知数据库根据外键关联表和建立索引，提高运行速度
            $table->foreign('user_id')
                ->references('id')
                ->on('users')
                ->onDelete('cascade');

            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

public function profile()
{
    return $this->hasOne(Profile::class);
}

public function user()
{
    return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
}

return $this->hasOne(Profile::class,'显示指定自定义外键');

Route::get('/test',function (Request $request){
    //反向
//    $profile = \App\Profile::find(1);
//    dd($profile->user);
    $user = $request->user();

//    if (is_null($user->profile)){
//        $user->profile()->create([
//            'phone' => '15801340269'
//        ]);
//    }
    //用firstOrCreate改进if
    $user->profile()->firstOrCreate(['user_id' => $user->id],[

        'phone' => '18363046291'
    ]);

    //访问属性一样访问方法
    dd($user->profile);
});

1:N hasMany(XXX:class) 

反之：belongsTo(XXX:class)

public function users()
{
    return $this->belongsToMany(User::class);
}

public function habits()
{
    return $this->belongsToMany(Habit::class);
}

countries
    id - integer
    name - string

users
    id - integer
    country_id - integer
    name - string

posts
    id - integer
    user_id - integer
    title - string

class Country extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = ['name'];

    /**
     * 获得某个国家下所有的用户文章。
     */
    public function papers()
    {
        return $this->hasManyThrough(Paper::class,User::class);
    }
}

$factory->define(App\Paper::class, function (Faker $faker) {
    return [
        'title' => $faker->sentence,
        'user_id' => \App\User::all()->random()->id,
    ];
});

$factory->define(App\User::class, function (Faker $faker) {
    return [
        'name' => $faker->name,
        'email' => $faker->unique()->safeEmail,
        'country_id' => \App\Country::all()->random()->id,
        'password' => '$2y$10$TKh8H1.PfQx37YgCzwiKb.KjNyWgaHb9cbcoQgpFlYg7B77UdFm', // secret
        'remember_token' => str_random(10),
    ];
});