如何使用PHP編寫神經網路演算法

class NeuralNetwork {
    private $input_nodes;  // 输入节点数
    private $hidden_nodes; // 隐藏层节点数
    private $output_nodes; // 输出节点数
    private $learning_rate; // 学习率
    private $weights_ih; // 输入层到隐藏层的连接权重
    private $weights_ho; // 隐藏层到输出层的连接权重
    private $bias_h; // 隐藏层的偏置
    private $bias_o; // 输出层的偏置

    // 初始化神经网络类
    public function __construct($input_nodes, $hidden_nodes, $output_nodes, $learning_rate) {
        $this->input_nodes = $input_nodes;
        $this->hidden_nodes = $hidden_nodes;
        $this->output_nodes = $output_nodes;
        $this->learning_rate = $learning_rate;

        // 初始化连接权重和偏置
        $this->weights_ih = $this->initialize_weights($this->hidden_nodes, $this->input_nodes);
        $this->weights_ho = $this->initialize_weights($this->output_nodes, $this->hidden_nodes);
        $this->bias_h = $this->initialize_weights($this->hidden_nodes, 1);
        $this->bias_o = $this->initialize_weights($this->output_nodes, 1);
    }

    // 初始化连接权重和偏置
    private function initialize_weights($rows, $cols) {
        $weights = array();

        for ($i = 0; $i < $rows; $i++) {
            $row = array();
            for ($j = 0; $j < $cols; $j++) {
                $row[] = mt_rand() / mt_getrandmax() - 0.5; // 随机生成一个介于-0.5和0.5之间的数
            }
            $weights[] = $row;
        }

        return $weights;
    }

    // ...
}

// 神经网络的前向传播方法
public function feedforward($input_array) {
    // 将输入数组转换为矩阵
    $inputs = $this->array_to_matrix($input_array);

    // 计算隐藏层的输出
    $hidden_inputs = Matrix::dotProduct($this->weights_ih, $inputs);
    $hidden_inputs = Matrix::add($hidden_inputs, $this->bias_h);
    $hidden_outputs = Matrix::map($hidden_inputs, 'sigmoid');

    // 计算输出层的输出
    $output_inputs = Matrix::dotProduct($this->weights_ho, $hidden_outputs);
    $output_inputs = Matrix::add($output_inputs, $this->bias_o);
    $outputs = Matrix::map($output_inputs, 'sigmoid');

    return $outputs->toArray();
}

// 神经网络的反向传播方法
public function backpropagation($input_array, $target_array) {
    // 将输入数组转换为矩阵
    $inputs = $this->array_to_matrix($input_array);
    $targets = $this->array_to_matrix($target_array);

    // 前向传播
    $hidden_inputs = Matrix::dotProduct($this->weights_ih, $inputs);
    $hidden_inputs = Matrix::add($hidden_inputs, $this->bias_h);
    $hidden_outputs = Matrix::map($hidden_inputs, 'sigmoid');

    $output_inputs = Matrix::dotProduct($this->weights_ho, $hidden_outputs);
    $output_inputs = Matrix::add($output_inputs, $this->bias_o);
    $outputs = Matrix::map($output_inputs, 'sigmoid');

    // 计算输出层的误差
    $output_errors = Matrix::subtract($targets, $outputs);

    // 计算隐藏层的误差
    $hidden_errors = Matrix::dotProduct(Matrix::transpose($this->weights_ho), $output_errors);

    // 更新隐藏层到输出层的连接权重和偏置
    $gradients_ho = Matrix::map($output_inputs, 'dsigmoid');
    $gradients_ho = Matrix::multiply($gradients_ho, $output_errors);
    $gradients_ho = Matrix::multiply($gradients_ho, $this->learning_rate);

    $weights_ho_deltas = Matrix::dotProduct($gradients_ho, Matrix::transpose($hidden_outputs));
    $this->weights_ho = Matrix::add($this->weights_ho, $weights_ho_deltas);
    $this->bias_o = Matrix::add($this->bias_o, $gradients_ho);

    // 更新输入层到隐藏层的连接权重和偏置
    $gradients_h = Matrix::map($hidden_inputs, 'dsigmoid');
    $gradients_h = Matrix::multiply($gradients_h, $hidden_errors);
    $gradients_h = Matrix::multiply($gradients_h, $this->learning_rate);

    $weights_ih_deltas = Matrix::dotProduct($gradients_h, Matrix::transpose($inputs));
    $this->weights_ih = Matrix::add($this->weights_ih, $weights_ih_deltas);
    $this->bias_h = Matrix::add($this->bias_h, $gradients_h);
}

// 训练神经网络
public function train($input_array, $target_array) {
    // 前向传播和反向传播
    $this->feedforward($input_array);
    $this->backpropagation($input_array, $target_array);
}

// 预测神经网络的输出
public function predict($input_array) {
    return $this->feedforward($input_array);
}