centos離線安裝mysql的方法：1、將lib中的所有依賴上傳到linux中，並用yum指令進行安裝；2、解壓縮MySQL並把檔案複製到想要安裝的目錄；3、修改my.cnf設定檔；4、複製啟動腳本到資源目錄並修改啟動腳本；5、將mysqld服務加入系統服務裡面；6、將mysql客戶端配置到環境變數中，並使設定生效即可。
本教學操作環境：centOS 7系統、MySQL 5.6版本、Dell G3電腦。
centos 怎麼離線安裝 mysql？
centOS 7 離線安裝MySQL 5.6
目前所有安裝所需的套件和依賴都可去以下位址自行根據所對應軟體進行下載#準備環境
##1、離線centOS 7（此處為centOS 7 最小安裝）2、nginx 安裝檔（mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 已放到下面的連結中，請自行下載或自行到官網下載最新版）3、nginx 依賴套件（目前已放到lib 目錄中，可自行下載）
https://gitee.com/livekeys/linux-offline-installation-software
查詢之前是否有mariadb ，有就將其刪除，並刪除先前的設定檔/etc /my.cnf二、安裝依賴[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb* mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs --nodeps [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb* [root@localhost ~]# rm -f /etc/my.cnf [root@localhost ~]#登入後複製
將lib 中的所有依賴上傳到linux 中，並用指令進行安裝三、安裝MySQL 5.61、解壓縮並把檔案複製到你想要安裝的目錄（這裡我將/opt/mysql 當作安裝目錄）[root@localhost lib]# yum -y localinstall *.rpm登入後複製
[root@localhost mysql_install]# tar -xzvf mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [root@localhost mysql_install]# ls lib mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [root@localhost mysql_install]# cp -R mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /opt/mysql [root@localhost mysql_install]# cd /opt/mysql [root@localhost mysql]# ls bin data docs include lib LICENSE man mysql-test README scripts share sql-bench support-files
[root@localhost mysql]# groupadd mysql [root@localhost mysql]# useradd -g mysql mysql [root@localhost mysql]# cd .. [root@localhost opt]# ls mysql [root@localhost opt]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql [root@localhost opt]# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 13 mysql mysql 191 Mar 23 01:42 mysql [root@localhost opt]# cd mysql [root@localhost mysql]# ll total 224 drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 23 01:42 bin drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 18 Mar 23 01:42 data drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 55 Mar 23 01:42 docs drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 23 01:42 include drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 23 01:42 lib -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 200256 Mar 23 01:42 LICENSE drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 30 Mar 23 01:42 man drwxr-xr-x. 10 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 23 01:42 mysql-test -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 566 Mar 23 01:42 README drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 30 Mar 23 01:42 scripts drwxr-xr-x. 28 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 23 01:42 share drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 23 01:42 sql-bench drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 136 Mar 23 01:42 support-files
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql [root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql [root@localhost mysql]# ls -al /var/lib/mysql total 4 drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Mar 23 01:51 . drwxr-xr-x. 26 root root 4096 Mar 23 01:51 ..
[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data Installing MySQL system tables...2022-03-23 01:53:51 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2022-03-23 01:53:51 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 0 [Note] /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.51) starting as process 13346 ... 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.11 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created! 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait... 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.51 started; log sequence number 0 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] RSA private key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//private_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] RSA public key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//public_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] Binlog end 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977 OK Filling help tables...2022-03-23 01:53:53 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2022-03-23 01:53:53 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap. 2022-03-23 01:53:53 0 [Note] /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.51) starting as process 13368 ... 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.11 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda. 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.51 started; log sequence number 1625977 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] RSA private key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//private_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work. 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] RSA public key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//public_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work. 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] Binlog end 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2022-03-23 01:53:55 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987 OK To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password' Alternatively you can run: /opt/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the manual for more instructions. You can start the MySQL daemon with: cd . ; /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe & You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/ The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at http://www.mysql.com Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com New default config file was created as /opt/mysql/my.cnf and will be used by default by the server when you start it. You may edit this file to change server settings
[root@localhost mysql]# cp ./support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf [root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf [root@localhost mysql]# chmod 644 /etc/my.cnf
#my.cnf設定檔內容如下：（這裡根據自己的需求修改其他設定）
注意以下幾點：
寫上面我們第三步驟新建的那個目錄 為mysql 安裝目錄 為資料目錄（這裡是mysql 安裝目錄下的data 目錄）[mysql] # 设置mysql客户端默认字符集 default-character-set=utf8 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] skip-name-resolve #设置 13306 端口 port = 13306 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # 设置mysql的安装目录 basedir=/opt/mysql # 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录 datadir=/opt/mysql/data # 允许最大连接数 max_connections=200 # 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集 character-set-server=utf8 # 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎 default-storage-engine=INNODB lower_case_table_name=1 max_allowed_packet=16M
[root@localhost mysql]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld [root@localhost mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld [root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/opt/mysql datadir=/opt/mysql/data
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld
Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
systemd configuration.
If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
To see services enabled on particular target use
'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysql
● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-03-23 02:11:17 EDT; 5s ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 13452 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
├─13463 /bin/sh /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/mysql/data --pid-file=/opt/mysql/data/lo...
└─13688 /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/opt/mys...
Mar 23 02:11:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...
Mar 23 02:11:16 localhost.localdomain mysqld[13452]: Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/mysql/data/localhost....r'.
Mar 23 02:11:17 localhost.localdomain mysqld[13452]: SUCCESS!
Mar 23 02:11:17 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/profile # 在末尾增加以下两行 export MYSQL_HOME=/opt/mysql export PATH=$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$PATH [root@localhost mysql]# source /etc/profile
#：第一次登入不需要密碼，直接回車就行
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.51 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
root 帳號的密碼為P@ssw0rd
mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> update user set password=password('P@ssw0rd') where user='root' and host='localhost'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'P@ssw0rd' with grant option; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysql [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.51 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
至此，已完成mysql 5.6 的安裝
如有錯誤的地方，歡迎留言指正，謝謝！ 推薦學習：《MySQL影片教學》
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