Vue如何操作dom？以下這篇文章為大家介紹Vue3中操作dom的四種方式，希望能給大家有幫助！
最近產品經理提出了許多使用者體驗優化的需求，涉及很多dom的操作。
小張：「老鐵，本來開發Vue2專案操作dom挺簡單的，現在開發vue3項目，突然感覺一頭霧水！」
我：「沒事，原理都差不多，查資料應該沒問題的！」
至此將Vue3中dom操作常見的幾種方式總結一下！ （學習影片分享：vue影片教學）
<template>
<div>
<div ref="sectionRef"></div>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import {ref} from 'vue'
const sectionRef = ref()
</script>透過對div元素加入了ref屬性，為了取得這個元素，我們宣告了一個與ref屬性名稱相同的變數sectionRef，然後我們透過sectionRef.value 的形式即可取得該div元素。
單一dom元素或數量較少的場景
<template>
<div>
<p>通过ref直接拿到dom</p>
<div ref="sectionRef"></div>
<button @click="higherAction">变高</button>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import {ref} from 'vue'
const sectionRef = ref()
let height = 100;
const higherAction = () => {
height += 50;
sectionRef.value.style = `height: ${height}px`;
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.demo1-container {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
.ref-section {
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
background-color: pink;
transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
}
.btn {
width: 200px;
height: 50px;
background-color: gray;
color: #fff;
margin-top: 100px;
}
}
</style><template>
<div>
<div ref="listRef">
<div @click="higherAction(index)" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
<span>{{item}}</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { ref, reactive } from 'vue'
const listRef = ref()透過對父元素新增了ref屬性，並宣告了一個與ref屬性名稱相同的變數listRef，此時透過listRef.value會得到包含子元素的dom物件
此時可以透過listRef.value.children[index]的形式取得子元素dom
透過v-for迴圈產生的固定數量元素的場景
<template>
<div>
<p>通过父容器遍历拿到dom</p>
<div ref="listRef">
<div @click="higherAction(index)" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
<span>{{item}}</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { ref, reactive } from 'vue'
const listRef = ref()
const state = reactive({
list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
})
const higherAction = (index: number) => {
let height = listRef.value.children[index].style.height ? listRef.value.children[index].style.height : '20px';
height = Number(height.replace('px', ''));
listRef.value.children[index].style = `height: ${height + 20}px`;
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.demo2-container {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
.list-section {
width: 200px;
.list-item {
width: 200px;
height: 20px;
background-color: pink;
color: #333;
transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
}
}
</style><template>
<div>
<div>
<div :ref="setRefAction" @click="higherAction(index)" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
<span>{{item}}</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { reactive } from 'vue'
const state = reactive({
list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
refList: [] as Array<any>
})
const setRefAction = (el: any) => {
state.refList.push(el);
}
</script>透過:ref循環呼叫setRefAction方法，該方法會預設接收一個el參數，這個參數就是我們需要取得的div元素
此時可以透過state.refList[index]的形式取得子元素dom
透過v-for迴圈產生的不固定數量或多種元素的場景
<template>
<div>
<p>通过:ref将dom引用放到数组中</p>
<div>
<div :ref="setRefAction" @click="higherAction(index)" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
<span>{{item}}</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { reactive } from 'vue'
const state = reactive({
list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
refList: [] as Array<any>
})
const higherAction = (index: number) => {
let height = state.refList[index].style.height ? state.refList[index].style.height : '20px';
height = Number(height.replace('px', ''));
state.refList[index].style = `height: ${height + 20}px`;
console.log(state.refList[index]);
}
const setRefAction = (el: any) => {
state.refList.push(el);
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.demo2-container {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
.list-section {
width: 200px;
.list-item {
width: 200px;
height: 20px;
background-color: pink;
color: #333;
transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
}
}
</style><template>
<div ref="cellRef" @click="cellAction">
<span>{{item}}</span>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import {ref} from 'vue';
const props = defineProps({
item: Number
})
const emit = defineEmits(['cellTap']);
const cellRef = ref();
const cellAction = () => {
emit('cellTap', cellRef.value);
}
</script>透過對子元件加入了ref屬性，並宣告了一個與ref屬性名稱相同的變數cellRef ，此時可以透過emit將cellRef.value作為一個dom參考傳遞出去
<template>
<div ref="cellRef" @click="cellAction">
<span>{{item}}</span>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import {ref} from 'vue';
const props = defineProps({
item: Number
})
const emit = defineEmits(['cellTap']);
const cellRef = ref();
const cellAction = () => {
emit('cellTap', cellRef.value);
}
</script>
<template>
<div>
<p>通过子组件emit传递ref</p>
<div>
<Cell :item="item" @cellTap="cellTapHandler" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
</Cell>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { reactive } from 'vue'
import Cell from '@/components/Cell.vue'
const state = reactive({
list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
refList: [] as Array<any>
})
const cellTapHandler = (el: any) => {
let height = el.style.height ? el.style.height : '20px';
height = Number(height.replace('px', ''));
el.style = `height: ${height + 20}px`;
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.demo2-container {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
.list-section {
width: 200px;
}
}
</style>以上是Vue3如何操作dom？四種方式介紹的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章！
