一文聊聊Node.js中的模組路徑解析

console.log(require.resolve("."));
// /Users/rainbow/Documents/前端/脚手架开发/rainbow-test/bin/index.js  输出bin/index.js的绝对路径
console.log(require.resolve.paths("."));
// [ '/Users/rainbow/Documents/前端/脚手架开发/rainbow-test/bin' ] 输出的文件可能在的路径的数组

console.log(require.resolve("yargs"));
// /Users/rainbow/Documents/前端/脚手架开发/rainbow-test/node_modules/yargs/index.cjs
console.log(require.resolve.paths("yargs"));
/*
[
  '/Users/rainbow/Documents/前端/脚手架开发/rainbow-test/bin/node_modules',
  '/Users/rainbow/Documents/前端/脚手架开发/rainbow-test/node_modules',
  '/Users/rainbow/Documents/前端/脚手架开发/node_modules',
  '/Users/rainbow/Documents/前端/node_modules',
  '/Users/rainbow/Documents/node_modules',
  '/Users/rainbow/node_modules',
  '/Users/node_modules',
  '/node_modules',
  '/Users/rainbow/.node_modules',
  '/Users/rainbow/.node_libraries',
  '/usr/local/Cellar/node/14.3.0_1/lib/node'
]
*/

Module.prototype.require = function(id) { //id = 'yargs'
  validateString(id, 'id');
  if (id === '') {
    throw new ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE('id', id, 'must be a non-empty string');
  }
  requireDepth++;
  try {
    return Module._load(id, this, /* isMain */ false);
  } finally {
    requireDepth--;
  }
};

// 参数
id = 'yargs'
this={
 paths: Module._nodeModulePaths(process.cwd())
}

// 进入mac电脑所在的逻辑：
// from => /Users/rainbow/Documents/前端/脚手架开发/lerna源码/lernas  //'from' is the __dirname of the module.
  Module._nodeModulePaths = function(from) {
    from = path.resolve(from);
    // Return early not only to avoid unnecessary work, but to *avoid* returning
    // an array of two items for a root: [ '//node_modules', '/node_modules' ]
    if (from === '/')
      return ['/node_modules'];

    const paths = [];
    
   // 关键算法代码
    for (let i = from.length - 1, p = 0, last = from.length; i >= 0; --i) {
      const code = from.charCodeAt(i);
      if (code === CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH) {
        if (p !== nmLen)
          paths.push(from.slice(0, last) + '/node_modules');
        last = i;
        p = 0;
      } else if (p !== -1) {
        if (nmChars[p] === code) {
          ++p;
        } else {
          p = -1;
        }
      }
    }

    // Append /node_modules to handle root paths.
    paths.push('/node_modules');

    return paths;
  };

// node.js内置模块require的源代码
function resolve(request, options) {
  validateString(request, 'request');
  return Module._resolveFilename(request, mod, false, options); //核心实现
}

require.resolve = resolve;

function paths(request) {
  validateString(request, 'request');
  return Module._resolveLookupPaths(request, mod); //核心代码
}

resolve.paths = paths;

Module._resolveFilename = function(request, parent, isMain, options) {
  if (NativeModule.canBeRequiredByUsers(request)) { //是否为内置模块
    return request;
  }

  let paths;
  // 让paths和环境变量中的paths结合
  paths = Module._resolveLookupPaths(request, parent); //核心代码
  
  if (parent && parent.filename) {
    // 读取filename对应的package.json文件，看是否有exports字段，当前filename = false
    const filename = trySelf(parent.filename, request);
    if (filename) { //false
      const cacheKey = request + '\x00' +
          (paths.length === 1 ? paths[0] : paths.join('\x00'));
      Module._pathCache[cacheKey] = filename;
      return filename;
    }
  }

 //关键代码，找到本地执行文件 // Look up the filename first, since that's the cache key. 
  const filename = Module._findPath(request, paths, isMain, false);
  if (filename) return filename;
  // ...
};

[
  '/Users/rainbow/Documents/前端/脚手架开发/rainbow-test/bin/node_modules',
  '/Users/rainbow/Documents/前端/脚手架开发/rainbow-test/node_modules',
  '/Users/rainbow/Documents/前端/脚手架开发/node_modules',
  '/Users/rainbow/Documents/前端/node_modules',
  '/Users/rainbow/Documents/node_modules',
  '/Users/rainbow/node_modules',
  '/Users/node_modules',
  '/node_modules',
  '/Users/rainbow/.node_modules',
  '/Users/rainbow/.node_libraries',
  '/usr/local/Cellar/node/14.3.0_1/lib/node'
]

Module._resolveLookupPaths = function(request, parent) {
  if (NativeModule.canBeRequiredByUsers(request)) {
    debug('looking for %j in []', request);
    return null;
  }

  // Check for node modules paths.
  if (request.charAt(0) !== '.' ||
      (request.length > 1 &&
      request.charAt(1) !== '.' &&
      request.charAt(1) !== '/' &&
      (!isWindows || request.charAt(1) !== '\'))){
     let paths = modulePaths;
     if (parent != null && parent.paths && parent.paths.length) {
      paths = parent.paths.concat(paths);
    }

    debug('looking for %j in %j', request, paths);
    return paths.length > 0 ? paths : null;
  }
  
  // In REPL, parent.filename is null.
  if (!parent || !parent.id || !parent.filename) {
    // Make require('./path/to/foo') work - normally the path is taken
    // from realpath(__filename) but in REPL there is no filename
    const mainPaths = ['.'];

    debug('looking for %j in %j', request, mainPaths);
    return mainPaths;
  }

  debug('RELATIVE: requested: %s from parent.id %s', request, parent.id);

  const parentDir = [path.dirname(parent.filename)];
  debug('looking for %j', parentDir);
  return parentDir;
};