1 前言
操作MySQL
的時候發現,有時只建了%
的帳號,可以透過localhost
連接,有時卻不可以,網路上搜尋也找不到滿意的答案,乾脆手動測試一波
推薦學習:《mysql影片教學」
2 兩種連線方法
這裡說的兩種連線方法指是執行mysql
指令時,-h
參數填的是localhost
還是IP
, 兩種連線方式的差異如下
-h 參數為localhost
當-h
參數為localhost
的時候,實際上是使用socket
連線的(預設連線方式), 實例如下
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 9 Current database: Current user: test_user@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
登入後複製
從Current user
可以看到使用者是xx@localhost
, 連線方式為Localhost via UNIX socket
-h參數為
IP的時候,實際上是使用
TCP連接的, 實例如下
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 11 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP Server characterset: utf8
登入後複製
Current user可以看到使用者是
xx@127.0.0.1, 連線方式為
TCP/IP
mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 8.0.11 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
登入後複製
使用localhost 登入
mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 8.0.11 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
登入後複製
[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL) Connection id: 9 Current database: Current user: test_user@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket ...
登入後複製
使用IP 登入
[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL) Connection id: 9 Current database: Current user: test_user@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket ...
登入後複製
[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL) Connection id: 8 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
登入後複製
結果顯示
[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL) Connection id: 8 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
登入後複製
8.0版本的
MySQL,
%包含
localhost
db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
登入後複製
使用localhost 登入
db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
登入後複製
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 9 Current database: Current user: test_user@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket ....
登入後複製
使用IP 登入
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 9 Current database: Current user: test_user@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket ....
登入後複製
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 11 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP Server characterset: utf8 ...
登入後複製
結果顯示
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 11 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP Server characterset: utf8 ...
登入後複製
# 5.7版本的
MySQL,
%包含
localhost
db83-3306>>select version(); +------------+ | version() | +------------+ | 5.6.10-log | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
登入後複製
使用localhost 登入
db83-3306>>select version(); +------------+ | version() | +------------+ | 5.6.10-log | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
登入後複製
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
登入後複製
使用IP 登入
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
登入後複製
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 3 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP ...... --------------
登入後複製
結果顯示
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 3 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP ...... --------------
登入後複製
MySQL 5.6的
%不包含
localhost
mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.1.73 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
登入後複製
使用localhost 登入
mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.1.73 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
登入後複製
[root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
登入後複製
使用IP 登入
[root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
登入後複製
[root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4901339 Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 4901339 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
登入後複製
結果顯示
[root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4901339 Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 4901339 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
登入後複製
5.1版本的
%不包含
localhost
db83-3306>>select version(); +---------------------+ | version() | +---------------------+ | 10.3.11-MariaDB-log | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.000 sec) db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
登入後複製
使用localhost 登入
db83-3306>>select version(); +---------------------+ | version() | +---------------------+ | 10.3.11-MariaDB-log | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.000 sec) db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
登入後複製
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
登入後複製
使用IP 登入
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
登入後複製
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 12 Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server ========= 省略 =========== MariaDB [(none)]> status -------------- /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.3.11-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 12 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server: MariaDB Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
登入後複製
結果顯示
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 12 Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server ========= 省略 =========== MariaDB [(none)]> status -------------- /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.3.11-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 12 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server: MariaDB Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
登入後複製
MariaDB 10.3的
%不包含
localhost
使用者中的 | %#是否包含 localhost
|
---|---|
包含 | |
包括 | |
MySQL5.6 |