區別是:RPM是Linux Distribution的套件管理系統,同時也指rpm包本身,RPM用於rpm包的管理;對於基於Debian的系統使用deb格式的包,有包轉換工具使rpm與deb及其他文件之間互相轉換。
本教學操作環境:windows7系統、Dell G3電腦。
1. 關於rpm和deb
RPM(Red Hat Package Manager),是基於Red hat的Linux Distribution的套件管理系統,同時也指rpm套件本身,RPM用於rpm包的管理(諸如安裝、卸載、升級等),像Mandrake和SuSE這些基於RPM的發行版通常有自己特定的rpm包,如果混合安裝可能不會正常工作,而對於第三方發行的rpm包一般都能在基於RPM的系統上正常安裝。
對於基於Debian的系統使用deb格式的包,有包轉換工具使rpm與deb及其他文件之間相互轉換(Alien Package Converter),其安裝和升級可用dpkg,不過它不能很方便地處理包的依賴關係,比較省事的有dselect和apt-get, Ubunut是debian的變種, 其軟體以deb包或源文件的形式出現.
2.deb軟體包的格式和使用
(1).deb軟體包指令遵行如下約定:
##soft_ver-rev_arch.deb , 如:pptview_8.0-5_i386.deb 中名字是pptview, 版本號8.0, 架構為i386平台.(2)dpkg指令root@huxiping:~# dpkg --help Usage: dpkg -i|--install <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive ... dpkg --unpack <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive ... dpkg -A|--record-avail <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive ... dpkg --configure ... | -a|--pending dpkg -r|--remove | -P|--purge ... | -a|--pending dpkg --get-selections [ ...] get list of selections to stdout dpkg --set-selections set package selections from stdin dpkg --update-avail replace available packages info dpkg --merge-avail merge with info from file dpkg --clear-avail erase existing available info dpkg --forget-old-unavail forget uninstalled unavailable pkgs dpkg -s|--status ... display package status details dpkg -p|--print-avail ... display available version details dpkg -L|--listfiles ... list files `owned' by package(s) dpkg -l|--list [ ...] list packages concisely dpkg -S|--search ... find package(s) owning file(s) dpkg -C|--audit check for broken package(s) dpkg --print-architecture print dpkg architecture dpkg --compare-versions compare version numbers - see below dpkg --help | --version show this help / version number dpkg --force-help | -Dh|--debug=help help on forcing resp. debugging dpkg --licence print copyright licensing terms Use dpkg -b|--build|-c|--contents|-e|--control|-I|--info|-f|--field| -x|--extract|-X|--vextract|--fsys-tarfile on archives (type dpkg-deb --help.) For internal use: dpkg --assert-support-predepends | --predep-package | --assert-working-epoch | --assert-long-filenames | --assert-multi-conrep Options: --admindir= Use instead of /var/lib/dpkg --root= Install on alternative system rooted elsewhere --instdir= Change inst'n root without changing admin dir -O|--selected-only Skip packages not selected for install/upgrade -E|--skip-same-version Skip packages whose same version is installed -G|--refuse-downgrade Skip packages with earlier version than installed -B|--auto-deconfigure Install even if it would break some other package --no-debsig Do no try to verify package signatures --no-act|--dry-run|--simulate Just say what we would do - don't do it -D|--debug= Enable debugging - see -Dhelp or --debug=help --status-fd Send status change updates to file descriptor --log= Log status changes and actions to --ignore-depends=,... Ignore dependencies involving --force-... Override problems - see --force-help --no-force-...|--refuse-... Stop when problems encountered --abort-after Abort after encountering errors Comparison operators for --compare-versions are: lt le eq ne ge gt (treat empty version as earlier than any version); lt-nl le-nl ge-nl gt-nl (treat empty version as later than any version); < << <= = >= >> > (only for compatibility with control file syntax). Use `dselect' or `aptitude' for user-friendly package management. root@huxiping:~# dpkg -i | --install xxx.deb 安装deb软件包 dpkg -r | --remove xxx.deb 删除软件包 dpkg -r -P | --purge xxx.deb 连同配置文件一起删除 dpkg -I | -info xxx.deb 查看软件包信息 dpkg -L xxx.deb 查看文件拷贝详情 dpkg -l 查看系统中已安装软件包信息 dpkg-reconfigure xxx 重新配置软件包
root@huxiping:~# apt-
常見問題欄位!
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