關於Go語言的http/2伺服器功能及客戶端使用方法

openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout server.key -x509 -days 365 -out server.crt

package main

import (
 "log"
 "net/http"
)
 
func main() {
 // 在 8000 端口启动服务器
 // 确切地说，如何运行HTTP/1.1服务器。

 srv := &http.Server{Addr:":8000", Handler: http.HandlerFunc(handle)}
 // 用TLS启动服务器，因为我们运行的是http/2，它必须是与TLS一起运行。
 // 确切地说，如何使用TLS连接运行HTTP/1.1服务器。
 log.Printf("Serving on https://0.0.0.0:8000")
 log.Fatal(srv.ListenAndServeTLS("server.crt", "server.key"))
}

func handle(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 // 记录请求协议
 log.Printf("Got connection: %s", r.Proto)
 // 向客户发送一条消息
 w.Write([]byte("Hello"))
}

package main

import (
 "fmt"
 "net/http"
)

const url = "https://localhost:8000"

func main() {
 _, err := http.Get(url)
 fmt.Println(err)
}

$ go run h2-client.go 
Get https://localhost:8000: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority

package main

import (
 "crypto/tls"
 "crypto/x509"
 "flag"
 "fmt"
 "io/ioutil"
 "log"
 "net/http"
 "golang.org/x/net/http2"
)
 
const url = "https://localhost:8000"

var httpVersion = flag.Int("version", 2, "HTTP version")

func main() {
 flag.Parse()
 client := &http.Client{}
 // Create a pool with the server certificate since it is not signed
 // by a known CA
 caCert, err := ioutil.ReadFile("server.crt")
 if err != nil {
 log.Fatalf("Reading server certificate: %s", err)
 }
 caCertPool := x509.NewCertPool()
 caCertPool.AppendCertsFromPEM(caCert)
 // Create TLS configuration with the certificate of the server
 tlsConfig := &tls.Config{
 RootCAs: caCertPool,
 }

 // Use the proper transport in the client
 switch *httpVersion {
 case 1:
 client.Transport = &http.Transport{
 TLSClientConfig: tlsConfig,
 }
 case 2:
 client.Transport = &http2.Transport{
 TLSClientConfig: tlsConfig,
 }
 }
 // Perform the request
 resp, err := client.Get(url)

 if err != nil {
 log.Fatalf("Failed get: %s", err)
 }
 defer resp.Body.Close()
 body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 if err != nil {
 log.Fatalf("Failed reading response body: %s", err)
 }
 fmt.Printf(
 "Got response %d: %s %s\n",
 resp.StatusCode, resp.Proto, string(body)
 )
}

$ go run h2-client.go 
Got response 200: HTTP/2.0 Hello

$ go run h2-client.go -version 1
Got response 200: HTTP/1.1 Hello

func handle(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 // Log the request protocol
 log.Printf("Got connection: %s", r.Proto)
 // Handle 2nd request, must be before push to prevent recursive calls.
 // Don't worry - Go protect us from recursive push by panicking.
 if r.URL.Path == "/2nd" {
 log.Println("Handling 2nd")
 w.Write([]byte("Hello Again!"))
 return
 }

 // Handle 1st request
 log.Println("Handling 1st")
 // Server push must be before response body is being written.
 // In order to check if the connection supports push, we should use
 // a type-assertion on the response writer.
 // If the connection does not support server push, or that the push
 // fails we just ignore it - server pushes are only here to improve
 // the performance for HTTP/2 clients.
 pusher, ok := w.(http.Pusher)

 if !ok {
 log.Println("Can't push to client")
 } else {
 err := pusher.Push("/2nd", nil)
  if err != nil {
 log.Printf("Failed push: %v", err)
 }
 }
 // Send response body
 w.Write([]byte("Hello"))
}

$ go run ./h2-client.go -version 1
Got response 200: HTTP/1.1 Hello

go run ./h2-client.go -version 2
Got response 200: HTTP/2.0 Hello

$ curl -i -XPUT --http2 https://http2.golang.org/ECHO -d hello
HTTP/2 200 
content-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
date: Tue, 24 Jul 2018 12:20:56 GMT

HELLO

type flushWriter struct {
 w io.Writer
}

func (fw flushWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 n, err = fw.w.Write(p)
 // Flush - send the buffered written data to the client
 if f, ok := fw.w.(http.Flusher); ok {
 f.Flush()
 }
  return
}

func echoCapitalHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 // First flash response headers
 if f, ok := w.(http.Flusher); ok {
 f.Flush()
 }
 // Copy from the request body to the response writer and flush
 // (send to client)
 io.Copy(flushWriter{w: w}, r.Body)
}

const url = "https://http2.golang.org/ECHO"

func main() {
  // Create a pipe - an object that implements `io.Reader` and `io.Writer`. 
  // Whatever is written to the writer part will be read by the reader part.

  pr, pw := io.Pipe() 
  // Create an `http.Request` and set its body as the reader part of the
  // pipe - after sending the request, whatever will be written to the pipe,
  // will be sent as the request body.  // This makes the request content dynamic, so we don't need to define it
  // before sending the request.
 req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, url, ioutil.NopCloser(pr))

 if err != nil {
 log.Fatal(err)
 }
 
  // Send the request
 resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req) if err != nil {
   log.Fatal(err)
   }
 log.Printf("Got: %d", resp.StatusCode) 
 // Run a loop which writes every second to the writer part of the pipe
 // the current time.
 go func() { for { 
 time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
 fmt.Fprintf(pw, "It is now %v\n", time.Now())
 }
 }() 

  // Copy the server's response to stdout.
 _, err = io.Copy(os.Stdout, res.Body)

 log.Fatal(err)
}