php虛擬方法的實作:先建立PHP範例檔;然後透過「
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PHP5中虛函數的實作方法分享
學過C 的人都應該知道C 中有個虛函數的概念。而在php5中如何實現這個虛函數呢?
請看下面的程式碼:
程式碼如下:
<?php class A { public function x() { echo "A::x() was called.\n"; } public function y() { self::x(); echo "A::y() was called.\n"; } public function z() { $this->x(); echo "A::z() was called.\n"; } } class B extends A { public function x() { echo "B::x() was called.\n"; } } $b = new B(); $b->y(); echo "--\n"; $b->z(); ?>
該範例中,A::y()呼叫了A::x(),而B::x()覆蓋了A::x(),那麼當呼叫B::y()時,B::y()應該呼叫A::x()還是B::x()呢?在C 中,如果A::x()未被定義為虛擬函數,那麼B::y()(也就是A::y())將呼叫A::x(),而如果A::x ()使用virtual關鍵字定義成虛擬函數,那麼B::y()將會呼叫B::x()。
然而,在PHP5中,虛函數的功能是由 self 和 $this 關鍵字實現的。如果父類別中A::y()中使用self::x() 的方式呼叫了A::x(),那麼在子類別中不論A::x()是否被覆蓋,A::y( )呼叫的都是A::x();而如果父類別中A::y()使用$this->x() 的方式呼叫了A::x(),那麼如果在子類別中A ::x()被B::x()覆蓋,A::y()將會呼叫B::x()。
上例的運作結果如下:
A::x() was called. A::y() was called. -- B::x() was called. A::z() was called. virtual-function.php
程式碼如下:
<?php class ParentClass { static public function say( $str ) { static::do_print( $str ); } static public function do_print( $str ) { echo "<p>Parent says $str</p>"; } } class ChildClass extends ParentClass { static public function do_print( $str ) { echo "<p>Child says $str</p>"; } } class AnotherChildClass extends ParentClass { static public function do_print( $str ) { echo "<p>AnotherChild says $str</p>"; } } echo phpversion(); $a=new ChildClass(); $a->say( 'Hello' ); $b=new AnotherChildClass(); $b->say( 'Hello' );
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