PyTorch上搭建簡單神經網路實作迴歸與分類的範例

conda install pytorch torchvision -c soumith

import torch 
import numpy as np 
 
np_data = np.arange(6).reshape((2, 3)) 
torch_data = torch.from_numpy(np_data) # 将numpy(array)格式转换为torch(tensor)格式 
tensor2array = torch_data.numpy()  
print( 
  '\nnumpy array:\n', np_data,  
  '\ntorch tensor:', torch_data,  
  '\ntensor to array:\n', tensor2array,  
) # torch数据格式在print的时候前后自动添加换行符 
 
# abs 
data = [-1, -2, 2, 2] 
tensor = torch.FloatTensor(data)  
print( 
  '\nabs', 
  '\nnumpy: \n', np.abs(data),     
  '\ntorch: ', torch.abs(tensor)  
) # 1维的数据，numpy是行向量形式显示，torch是列向量形式显示 
 
# sin 
print( 
  '\nsin', 
  '\nnumpy: \n', np.sin(data),    
  '\ntorch: ', torch.sin(tensor)  
) 
 
# mean 
print( 
  '\nmean', 
  '\nnumpy: ', np.mean(data),   
  '\ntorch: ', torch.mean(tensor)  
) 
 
# 矩阵相乘 
data = [[1,2], [3,4]] 
tensor = torch.FloatTensor(data)  
 
print( 
  '\nmatrix multiplication (matmul)', 
  '\nnumpy: \n', np.matmul(data, data),   
  '\ntorch: ', torch.mm(tensor, tensor)  
) 
 
data = np.array(data) 
print( 
  '\nmatrix multiplication (dot)', 
  '\nnumpy: \n', data.dot(data),    
  '\ntorch: ', tensor.dot(tensor)   
)

import torch 
from torch.autograd import Variable 
 
tensor = torch.FloatTensor([[1,2],[3,4]]) 
variable = Variable(tensor, requires_grad=True) 
# 打印展示Variable类型 
print(tensor) 
print(variable) 
 
t_out = torch.mean(tensor*tensor) # 每个元素的^ 2 
v_out = torch.mean(variable*variable) 
print(t_out) 
print(v_out) 
 
v_out.backward() # Variable的误差反向传递 
 
# 比较Variable的原型和grad属性、data属性及相应的numpy形式 
print('variable:\n', variable) 
# v_out = 1/4 * sum(variable*variable) 这是计算图中的 v_out 计算步骤 
# 针对于 v_out 的梯度就是, d(v_out)/d(variable) = 1/4*2*variable = variable/2 
print('variable.grad:\n', variable.grad) # Variable的梯度 
print('variable.data:\n', variable.data) # Variable的数据 
print(variable.data.numpy()) #Variable的数据的numpy形式

import torch 
import torch.nn.functional as F 
from torch.autograd import Variable 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
 
x = torch.linspace(-5, 5, 200) 
x_variable = Variable(x) #将x放入Variable 
x_np = x_variable.data.numpy() 
 
# 经过4种不同的激励函数得到的numpy形式的数据结果 
y_relu = F.relu(x_variable).data.numpy() 
y_sigmoid = F.sigmoid(x_variable).data.numpy() 
y_tanh = F.tanh(x_variable).data.numpy() 
y_softplus = F.softplus(x_variable).data.numpy() 
 
plt.figure(1, figsize=(8, 6)) 
 
plt.subplot(221) 
plt.plot(x_np, y_relu, c='red', label='relu') 
plt.ylim((-1, 5)) 
plt.legend(loc='best') 
 
plt.subplot(222) 
plt.plot(x_np, y_sigmoid, c='red', label='sigmoid') 
plt.ylim((-0.2, 1.2)) 
plt.legend(loc='best') 
 
plt.subplot(223) 
plt.plot(x_np, y_tanh, c='red', label='tanh') 
plt.ylim((-1.2, 1.2)) 
plt.legend(loc='best') 
 
plt.subplot(224) 
plt.plot(x_np, y_softplus, c='red', label='softplus') 
plt.ylim((-0.2, 6)) 
plt.legend(loc='best') 
 
plt.show()

import torch 
from torch.autograd import Variable 
import torch.nn.functional as F 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
 
x = torch.unsqueeze(torch.linspace(-1, 1, 100), dim=1) # 将1维的数据转换为2维数据 
y = x.pow(2) + 0.2 * torch.rand(x.size()) 
 
# 将tensor置入Variable中 
x, y = Variable(x), Variable(y) 
 
#plt.scatter(x.data.numpy(), y.data.numpy()) 
#plt.show() 
 
# 定义一个构建神经网络的类 
class Net(torch.nn.Module): # 继承torch.nn.Module类 
  def __init__(self, n_feature, n_hidden, n_output): 
    super(Net, self).__init__() # 获得Net类的超类（父类）的构造方法 
    # 定义神经网络的每层结构形式 
    # 各个层的信息都是Net类对象的属性 
    self.hidden = torch.nn.Linear(n_feature, n_hidden) # 隐藏层线性输出 
    self.predict = torch.nn.Linear(n_hidden, n_output) # 输出层线性输出 
 
  # 将各层的神经元搭建成完整的神经网络的前向通路 
  def forward(self, x): 
    x = F.relu(self.hidden(x)) # 对隐藏层的输出进行relu激活 
    x = self.predict(x) 
    return x 
 
# 定义神经网络 
net = Net(1, 10, 1) 
print(net) # 打印输出net的结构 
 
# 定义优化器和损失函数 
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.5) # 传入网络参数和学习率 
loss_function = torch.nn.MSELoss() # 最小均方误差 
 
# 神经网络训练过程 
plt.ion()  # 动态学习过程展示 
plt.show() 
 
for t in range(300): 
  prediction = net(x) # 把数据x喂给net，输出预测值 
  loss = loss_function(prediction, y) # 计算两者的误差，要注意两个参数的顺序 
  optimizer.zero_grad() # 清空上一步的更新参数值 
  loss.backward() # 误差反相传播，计算新的更新参数值 
  optimizer.step() # 将计算得到的更新值赋给net.parameters() 
 
  # 可视化训练过程 
  if (t+1) % 10 == 0: 
    plt.cla() 
    plt.scatter(x.data.numpy(), y.data.numpy()) 
    plt.plot(x.data.numpy(), prediction.data.numpy(), 'r-', lw=5) 
    plt.text(0.5, 0, 'L=%.4f' % loss.data[0], fontdict={'size': 20, 'color': 'red'}) 
    plt.pause(0.1)

import torch 
from torch.autograd import Variable 
import torch.nn.functional as F 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
 
# 生成数据 
# 分别生成2组各100个数据点，增加正态噪声，后标记以y0=0 y1=1两类标签，最后cat连接到一起 
n_data = torch.ones(100,2) 
# torch.normal(means, std=1.0, out=None) 
x0 = torch.normal(2*n_data, 1) # 以tensor的形式给出输出tensor各元素的均值，共享标准差 
y0 = torch.zeros(100) 
x1 = torch.normal(-2*n_data, 1) 
y1 = torch.ones(100) 
 
x = torch.cat((x0, x1), 0).type(torch.FloatTensor) # 组装（连接） 
y = torch.cat((y0, y1), 0).type(torch.LongTensor) 
 
# 置入Variable中 
x, y = Variable(x), Variable(y) 
 
class Net(torch.nn.Module): 
  def __init__(self, n_feature, n_hidden, n_output): 
    super(Net, self).__init__() 
    self.hidden = torch.nn.Linear(n_feature, n_hidden) 
    self.out = torch.nn.Linear(n_hidden, n_output) 
 
  def forward(self, x): 
    x = F.relu(self.hidden(x)) 
    x = self.out(x) 
    return x 
 
net = Net(n_feature=2, n_hidden=10, n_output=2) 
print(net) 
 
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.012) 
loss_func = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss() 
 
plt.ion() 
plt.show() 
 
for t in range(100): 
  out = net(x) 
  loss = loss_func(out, y) # loss是定义为神经网络的输出与样本标签y的差别，故取softmax前的值 
 
  optimizer.zero_grad() 
  loss.backward() 
  optimizer.step() 
 
  if t % 2 == 0: 
    plt.cla() 
    # 过了一道 softmax 的激励函数后的最大概率才是预测值 
    # torch.max既返回某个维度上的最大值，同时返回该最大值的索引值 
    prediction = torch.max(F.softmax(out), 1)[1] # 在第1维度取最大值并返回索引值 
    pred_y = prediction.data.numpy().squeeze() 
    target_y = y.data.numpy() 
    plt.scatter(x.data.numpy()[:, 0], x.data.numpy()[:, 1], c=pred_y, s=100, lw=0, cmap='RdYlGn') 
    accuracy = sum(pred_y == target_y)/200 # 预测中有多少和真实值一样 
    plt.text(1.5, -4, 'Accu=%.2f' % accuracy, fontdict={'size': 20, 'color': 'red'}) 
    plt.pause(0.1) 
 
plt.ioff() 
plt.show()