Python中的time模組與datetime模組

time模組

time模組是包含各方面對時間操作的函數. 儘管這些常常有效但不是所有方法在任意平台中有效.time 用struct_time表示時間

import time

# time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=24, 
          tm_hour=14, tm_min=17, tm_sec=26, 
          tm_wday=4, tm_yday=114, tm_isdst=0)
# 2015
print time.localtime()
print time.localtime().tm_year

函數

• #time.time(): 傳回一個時間戳

• time.asctime([t]): 轉換gmtime()和localtime()傳回的元組或struct_time為string.

• time.clock(): 在第一次呼叫的時候, 傳回程式運行的時間. 第二次之後傳回與先前的間隔.

• ##time.ctime([secs]) : 將時間戳轉換為時間字串, 如沒有提供則傳回目前的時間字串,並與asctime(localtime())一樣.

• time.gmtime([secs] ): 將時間戳轉換為, UTC 時區的struct_time.

• time.localtime([secs]): 類似gmtime()但會把他轉換成本地時區.

• time.mktime(t): struct_time 轉換為時間戳記.

• time.sleep(secs): 執行緒延後指定時間, 以秒為單位.

• time.strftime(format[,t]): 依照參數轉換一個sturc_time或元組為字串.

• 時間. strptime(string[, format]): 與strftime相反,傳回一個struct_time.

import time

# Fri Apr 24 06:39:34 2015
print time.asctime(time.gmtime())

# 0.0
# None
# 1.01136392961 因计算机而异
print time.clock()
print time.sleep(1)
print time.clock()

# Fri Apr 24 14:42:07 2015
print time.ctime()

# 2015-04-24
print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d', time.localtime())
# 1429857836.0
print time.mktime(time.localtime())

time模組中常用的格式化字串

• %y 兩位數的年份00 ~ 99.

• %Y 四位數的年份0000 ~ 9999

• %m 月份01 ~ 12.

• %d 天 01 ~ 31.

• #%H 時00 ~ 23.

• %I 時01 ~ 12.

• %M 分00 ~ 59.

• %S 秒00 ~ 61.

#datetime模組
datetime模組提供對於日期和時間進行簡單或複雜的操作. datetime 模組提供了一下的可用類型(Available Types).

• #class datetime.date: 一個理想化的日期, 提供year, month, day屬性

• class datetime.time: 一個理想化的時間, 提供hour, minute, second, microsecond, tzinfo.

• class datetime.datetime: 日期和時間的組合.提供year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond, tzinfo.

• ##class datetime.timedelta: 表達兩個date,time和datetime持續時間內的微妙差異.

• class datetime.tzinfo: 時間物件的抽象基類別.

from datetime import timedelta, datetime

a = datetime.now()
b = timedelta(days=7)

# 7 days, 0:00:00
# 2015-04-14 16:02:39.189000
print b
print a - b

date類別

  class datetime.date(year, month, day)
    # All arguments are required. Arguments may be ints or longs.
    # 所有参数都是必须的. 参数可能是 int 或 long.
    MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR
    1<= month <= 12
    1<= day <= number of days in the given month and year.(随着月份和年份)

Return the current local date. This is equvalent to `date.fromtimestamp(time.time())`.

  from datetime import date

  # print 2015-04-21
  print date.today()

import time
from datetime import date

# 1429587111.21
# 2015-04-21
print time.time()
print date.fromtimestamp(time.time())

• date.min: 傳回date(MINYEAR, 1, 1).

• #date.max: 返回date(MAXYEAR, 12, 31).

• date.year: 返回年度, MINYEAR與MAXYEAR之間

• #date.month: 返回月, 1到12月之間

• #date.day: 返回1到n 之間.

d = date(2014, 4, 21)
# 2014 4 21
print d.year, d.month, d.day

• date.replace(year, month, day):傳回相同值的data物件, 除了這些參數給關鍵字指定新的值.

• date.timetuple(): 傳回一個time.struct_time物件.

• date.toordinal (): 回傳一個Gregoian Calendar物件.

• date.weekday(): 返回day of the week. 星期一為0,星期日為6.

• #date.isoweekday(): 返回day of the week. 星期一為1,星期日為7.

• date.isocalendar(): 傳回一個三元組, ( ISO year, ISO week number, ISO weekday).

• date.isoformat(): 傳回一個'YYYY-MM-DD'的字串格式.

• date.ctime(): 傳回字串日期, d.ctime() 等同於time.ctime(time.mktime(d.timetuple())).

• #date.strftime(format): 傳回一個字串日期, 格式自訂.

#

d = date(2015, 4, 21)

# 2015-04-21
# 2015-04-21
# 2015-04-22
print d
print d.replace()
print d.replace(day=22)

# time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=21, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=111, tm_isdst=-1)
print d.timetuple()

# print 1
# print 2
print d.weekday()
print d.isoweekday()

# print 2015-04-21
print d.isoformat()

# print 21/04/2015
print d.strftime('%d/%m/%y')

datetime 類別

class datetime.datetime(year, month, day[, hour
                    [, minute
                    [, second
                    [, microsecond
                    [, tzinfo]]]]])
  # The year, month and day arguments are required.
  MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR
  1 <= month <= 12
  1 <= day <= n
  0 <= hour < 24
  0 <= minute < 60
  0 <= second < 60
  0 <= microsecond < 10**6

• datetime.today(): 傳回目前本機datetime.隨著tzinfo None. 這個等同於datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time()).

• datetime.now([tz]): 返回当前本地日期和时间, 如果可选参数tz为None或没有详细说明,这个方法会像today().

• datetime.utcnow(): 返回当前的UTC日期和时间, 如果tzinfo None ,那么与now()类似.

• datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp[, tz]): 根据时间戳返回本地的日期和时间.tz指定时区.

• datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp): 根据时间戳返回 UTC datetime.

• datetime.fromordinal(ordinal): 根据Gregorian ordinal 返回datetime.

• datetime.combine(date, time): 根据date和time返回一个新的datetime.

• datetime.strptime(date_string, format): 根据date_string和format返回一个datetime.

from datetime import datetime

# 2015-04-21 14:07:39.262000
print datetime.today()

# 2015-04-21 14:08:20.362000
print datetime.now()

# 1429596607.06
# 2015-04-21 14:10:07.061000
t = time.time() 
print t
print datetime.fromtimestamp(t)

from datetime import datetime, date, time

a = date(2015, 4, 21)
b = time(14, 13, 34)

# 2015-04-21 14:13:34
print datetime.combine(a, b)

实例方法

• datetime.date(): 返回相同年月日的date对象.

• datetime.time(): 返回相同时分秒微秒的time对象.

• datetime.replace(kw): kw in [year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond, tzinfo], 与date类似.

其他方法可查看官方文档…

from datetime import datetime, date, time

td = date(2015, 4, 21)
n = time(14, 28, 30)

# 2099-04-21 14:30:42.103000
print datetime.now(0.replace(year=2099)

类属性

• datetime.min: datetime(MINYEAR, 1, 1).

• datetime.max: datetime(MAXYEAR, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999).

实例属性(read-only)

• datetime.year: 1 至 9999

• datetime.month: 1 至 12

• datetime.day: 1 至 n

• datetime.hour: In range(24). 0 至 23

• datetime.minute: In range(60).

• datetime.second: In range(60).

• datetime.microsecond: In range(1000000).

time类

time 代表本地(一天内)时间.

class datetime.time([hour
          [, minute
          [, second 
          [, microsecond
          [, tzinfo]]]]])
  # All arguments are optional.
  # 所有参数都是可选的.
  0 <= hour < 24
  0 <= minute < 60
  0 <= second < 60
  0 <= microsesond < 10**6

time类就是对时间的一些操作,其功能类似与datetime.其实date和time就是对datetime中日期和时间的操作.

更多Python中的time模块与datetime模块相关文章请关注PHP中文网！