如何使用本地化在Laravel構建多語言應用程序

創建resources/lang/en 和resources/lang/es 等目錄並定義messages.php 語言文件；2. 在config/app.php 中設置默認語言locale 和備用語言fallback_locale；3. 使用App::setLocale() 動態切換語言，結合中間件根據會話或請求頭自動設置；4. 通過路由分組添加{locale} 前綴實現多語言URL，並在模板中生成本地化鏈接；5. 在控制器和視圖中使用__() 函數或@lang 指令調用翻譯，支持複數形式via trans_choice；6. 可選使用Artisan 命令或第三方包管理翻譯；7. 生產環境中可通過緩存配置提升性能；通過合理組織語言文件、早期檢測用戶語言偏好並提供切換機制，結合中間件和路由分組，即可構建清晰的多語言應用體驗。

Building multi-language apps in Laravel is straightforward when you use Laravel's built-in localization features. With proper localization setup, you can serve content in multiple languages based on user preferences or system settings. Here's how to use localization effectively in Laravel to build multi-language applications.

1. Set Up Language Files

Laravel stores language strings in the resources/lang directory. Each language has its own subdirectory (eg, en , es , fr ). Start by creating these folders and defining language files as PHP arrays.

For example:

 /resources
    /lang
        /en
            messages.php
        /es
            messages.php

In /resources/lang/en/messages.php :

 <?php

return [
    &#39;welcome&#39; => &#39;Welcome to our application&#39;,
    &#39;profile&#39; => &#39;User Profile&#39;,
];

In /resources/lang/es/messages.php :

 <?php

return [
    &#39;welcome&#39; => &#39;Bienvenido a nuestra aplicación&#39;,
    &#39;profile&#39; => &#39;Perfil de usuario&#39;,
];

You can now access these strings using the __() helper or the @lang Blade directive.

 echo __('messages.welcome'); // Outputs: Welcome to our application

In Blade:

 <h1>@lang(&#39;messages.welcome&#39;)</h1>

2. Configure the Default and Supported Languages

In config/app.php , set your default locale:

 'locale' => 'en',
'fallback_locale' => 'en',

You can support additional languages by simply adding more language directories under resources/lang .

To allow dynamic switching, you'll need to store or detect the user's preferred language. Common approaches include:

• URL segments (eg, /es/dashboard )
• Session-based preference
• User profile setting
• Browser Accept-Language header

3. Switch Languages Dynamically

To change the app language at runtime, use the App::setLocale() method.

For example, in a middleware or controller:

 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\App;

Route::get('/language/{locale}', function ($locale) {
    if (in_array($locale, ['en', 'es', 'fr'])) {
        app()->setLocale($locale);
        session()->put('locale', $locale);
    }

    return redirect()->back();
});

You can also create a middleware to set the locale on every request:

 // app/Http/Middleware/SetLocale.php

class SetLocale
{
    public function handle($request, $next)
    {
        $locale = session('locale') ?? $request->getPreferredLanguage(['en', 'es', 'fr']);

        app()->setLocale($locale);

        return $next($request);
    }
}

Register the middleware in app/Http/Kernel.php under web .

4. Use Language-Specific Routes and URLs

To include the language in URLs, group routes with a locale prefix:

 Route::group(['prefix' => '{locale}', 'middleware' => 'setLocale'], function () {
    Route::get('/dashboard', [DashboardController::class, 'index']);
    Route::get('/profile', [ProfileController::class, 'show']);
});

In your Blade templates, generate localized URLs:

 <a href="{{ route(&#39;dashboard&#39;, [&#39;locale&#39; => &#39;es&#39;]) }}">Ir al panel</a>

Make sure to handle the {locale} parameter in your controllers or use a base controller to manage it.

5. Handle Translations in Views and Controllers

Use the __() function anywhere in your code:

 // In a controller
return view('dashboard', [
    'title' => __('messages.profile')
]);

// In validation messages
$validated = $request->validate([
    'email' => 'required|email'
], [
    'email.required' => __('validation.email_required')
]);

For pluralization, Laravel supports it via language files:

 // resources/lang/en/messages.php
'comments' => '{0} No comments|{1} One comment|[2,*] :count comments',

// Usage
echo trans_choice('messages.comments', $count);

6. Use Artisan to Manage Translations (Optional)

Laravel doesn't include a built-in translation manager, but you can create commands or use packages like laravel-lang/lang or astrotomic/laravel-translatable for advanced needs.

For simple apps, manually managing language files is sufficient.

7. Cache Translations in Production

In production, you can cache your language files for better performance:

 php artisan config:cache

Note: Translation files aren't cached by default, but you can use packages or build a custom solution if needed.

Using Laravel's localization system makes it easy to support multiple languages. Focus on organizing language files clearly, detecting user language early, and providing a way to switch languages. With middleware and route grouping, you can build a clean, localized user experience.

Basically, it's not complex—just consistent file structure and smart locale switching.

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