如何在VScode中調試Rust程序

是的，VSCode 可以調試Rust 程序，但需要安裝rust-analyzer、CodeLLDB 擴展及lldb 或gdb 調試器，配置launch.json 並設置斷點後即可通過F5 啟動調試，檢查變量、單步執行和評估表達式，儘管不如JavaScript 等語言便捷，但通過正確配置可實現高效調試。

Debugging a Rust program in VSCode is possible but requires some setup since Rust doesn't have first-class debugging support in VSCode out of the browser. However, with the right tools and configuration, you can effectively debug Rust using the native debugger (like lldb or gdb ) through extensions. Here's how to set it up and use it.

Install Required Tools

Before debugging, ensure you have the necessary components installed:

• Rust toolchain ( rustc , cargo ) — Install via rustup .
• VSCode — With the rust-analyzer extension for editing and analysis.
• Debugger backend — Either lldb or gdb , depending on your platform.
  • On macOS : Install Xcode command-line tools ( xcode-select --install ) — includes lldb .
  • On Linux : Install gdb and gdb-gdbserver via your package manager (eg, sudo apt install gdb ).
  • On Windows : Use lldb via LLVM or gdb via MSYS2 or WSL.
• CodeLLDB extension (recommended) — Install CodeLLDB from the VSCode marketplace. This is the most reliable way to debug Rust in VSCode.

Configure Launch Settings

After installing CodeLLDB, create a debug configuration:

1. Open your Rust project in VSCode.
2. Go to the Run and Debug view (Ctrl Shift D or Cmd Shift D).
3. Click "create a launch.json file" if you don't have one.
4. Choose "LLDB" as the environment.
5. Replace the default configuration with:

 {
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "type": "lldb",
      "request": "launch",
      "name": "Debug",
      "cargo": {
        "args": [
          "build",
          "--bin=your-binary-name"
        ]
      },
      "args": [],
      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"
    }
  ]
}

Replace your-binary-name with the actual binary name from your Cargo.toml . If you're using the default main.rs , it's usually the crate name.

Alternatively, if you want more control:

 {
  "type": "lldb",
  "request": "launch",
  "name": "Debug",
  "program": "${workspaceFolder}/target/debug/your-binary-name",
  "args": [],
  "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"
}

Make sure the binary exists — run cargo build first.

Set Breakpoints and Start Debugging

• Open a .rs file in your project.
• Click to the left of the line numbers to set breakpoints (a red dot will appear).
• Go to the Run panel and select the "Debug" configuration.
• Click Run (F5).

The program will stop at your breakpoints. You can then:

• Inspect variable values in the sidebar.
• Step over/into/through code using the debug toolbar.
• Use the Debug Console to evaluate expressions.

Note: Rust-specific types (like String , Vec , Option ) are usually displayed in a readable format thanks to lldb 's Rust support.

Common Issues and Tips

• Breakpoints not hit? Make sure you're building in debug mode (default with cargo build ). Release builds may optimize out debug info.
• Variables not showing? Ensure your binary was compiled with debug symbols (they are by default in dev profile).
• Use cargo build manually first to catch compile errors before launching the debugger.
• For workspace projects, specify the correct binary with --bin , --example , or --lib in the cargo.args .
• On Windows, consider using WSL for smoother debugging with gdb / lldb .

Basically, it's not as seamless as debugging in languages like JavaScript or Python, but with CodeLLDB and proper setup, you can debug Rust effectively in VSCode.

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