如何與PowerShell登錄IIS？

Parsing IIS logs with PowerShell 是一種無需複雜工具即可快速獲取有用信息的方法。 1. 首先了解IIS日誌格式，其默認為W3C擴展日誌格式，字段以空格分隔；2. 使用Import-Csv命令導入日誌文件並跳過註釋行，注意處理帶引號的字段；3. 通過Where-Object、Group-Object等命令篩選404錯誤、統計IP請求、查詢特定頁面訪問；4. 可導出分析結果至CSV用於報告；5. 此方法適合中小型日誌文件，大規模或複雜分析可考慮LogParser、ELK Stack等工具。

Parsing IIS logs with PowerShell is a straightforward way to extract useful information without needing heavy tools. You don't always need LogParser or third-party software — especially if you just want quick insights like top IP addresses, error counts, or specific request patterns.

Understand the IIS log format

Before diving into parsing, it helps to know how IIS logs are structured. By default, they're text files (often .log extensions) in W3C Extended Log File Format. Each line starts with field headers like:

 #Fields: date time s-ip cs-method cs-uri-stem cs-uri-query s-port cs-username c-ip cs(User-Agent) sc-status ...

So each line after that represents a request, and fields are space-separated (with some exceptions like User-Agent strings that may contain spaces but are usually enclosed in quotes).

Tip: If you're not sure what each field means, refer to Microsoft's documentation for full details.

Use Import-Csv to parse IIS logs

PowerShell can read these logs directly using Import-Csv . Just make sure you skip the comment lines at the top (lines starting with # ) and specify the correct delimiter (usually a space):

 $logFile = "C:\inetpub\logs\LogFiles\W3SVC1\u_ex230501.log"
$logData = Get-Content $logFile | Where-Object { $_ -notmatch "^#" } | ConvertFrom-Csv -Delimiter " "

This will load your log data into a collection of PowerShell objects, where each row corresponds to a web request.

Note: Sometimes fields contain spaces inside quoted values (like the cs(User-Agent) field). This method works fine for most basic parsing needs, but might get tripped up by complex formats. For more advanced cases, consider regular expressions or custom parsing.

Filter and analyze the data

Once parsed, you can filter based on any property. Here are a few common use cases:

• Find 404 errors:

 $logData | Where-Object { $_.sc-status -eq 404 }

• See the top requesting IPs:

 $logData | Group-Object c-ip | Sort-Object Count -Descending | Select Name, Count

• List all GET requests to a specific page:

 $logData | Where-Object { $_."cs-uri-stem" -eq "/index.html" -and $_."cs-method" -eq "GET" }

You can also export filtered results to CSV for reporting:

 $logData | Where-Object { $_.sc-status -eq 500 } | Export-Csv "c:\temp\servererrors.csv" -NoTypeInformation

These commands let you quickly find trends or issues without leaving PowerShell.

Consider limitations and alternatives

While this approach works well for small to medium-sized logs, there are a few things to keep in mind:

• Large log files can be slow to process.
• Complex queries may require regex or more advanced parsing logic.
• If you frequently analyze logs, consider tools like:
  • Microsoft LogParser (SQL-like syntax)
  • ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana)
  • Azure Monitor / Application Insights

But for simple analysis, PowerShell gets the job done — no extra tools needed.

基本上就這些。

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