InnerHTML和TextContent有什麼區別？

<p>textContent和innerHTML的區別在於：1.textContent處理純文本並自動轉義HTML字符，適合插入或提取純文本；2.innerHTML解析並渲染HTML內容，適用於操作HTML結構。 textContent更快更安全，而innerHTML存在XSS風險但能動態更新HTML。根據需求選擇：需HTML操作時用innerHTML，僅文本操作時用textContent。 </p> <p><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/000/000/000/175043641267138.jpg" class="lazy" alt="What is the difference between innerHTML and textContent?"></p> <p> When you're working with HTML elements in JavaScript and need to manipulate text or HTML content, two common properties come into play: <code>innerHTML</code> and <code>textContent</code> . They might seem similar at first glance, but they behave quite differently under the hood. Here's what you need to know.</p> <hr> <h3 id="What-code-innerHTML-code-Actually-Does"> What <code>innerHTML</code> Actually Does</h3> <p> The <code>innerHTML</code> property gets or sets the HTML content (the inner HTML) of an element. This means it parses whatever string you give it as HTML and renders it accordingly.</p> <p> For example:</p><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> element.innerHTML = '<strong>Hello</strong>';</pre><p> This will actually render the word "Hello" in bold because the browser interprets the HTML tags.</p><p> One thing to watch out for is that using <code>innerHTML</code> can be a security risk if you're inserting user-generated content without sanitizing it first. Malicious scripts could be injected this way, so always be cautious when using it with untrusted input.</p><p> Use cases where <code>innerHTML</code> makes sense include:</p><ul><li> Inserting dynamic HTML from a trusted source</li><li> Replacing large chunks of markup inside a container</li><li> Building UI components where HTML structure matters</li></ul><hr /><h3 id="How-code-textContent-code-Works-Differently"> How <code>textContent</code> Works Differently</h3><p> On the other hand, <code>textContent</code> deals purely with text. It sets or retrieves all the text content of an element, automatically escaping any HTML characters like <code><</code> , <code>></code> , and <code>&</code> .</p><p> So if you do:</p><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> element.textContent = '<strong>Hello</strong>';</pre><p> What you'll see on the page is literally <code><strong>Hello</strong></code> — no bold text, just plain text showing the HTML string.</p> <p> Some key advantages of using <code>textContent</code> :</p> <ul> <li> It's faster than <code>innerHTML</code> because there's no HTML parsing involved</li> <li> It's safer for inserting user-generated content</li> <li> It respects CSS styling — hidden elements won't be included</li> </ul> <p> If your goal is to display or retrieve raw text, especially from user input or data sources, <code>textContent</code> is usually the better choice.</p> <hr> <h3 id="Performance-and-Security-Considerations"> Performance and Security Considerations</h3> <p> There are some important differences to keep in mind beyond just functionality:</p> <ul> <li><p> <strong>Performance</strong> : <code>textContent</code> tends to be more efficient because it doesn't involve parsing HTML. If you're only dealing with text, using <code>textContent</code> avoids unnecessary overhead.</p></li> <li><p> <strong>Security</strong> : Using <code>innerHTML</code> carelessly can expose your app to XSS (cross-site scripting) attacks. Always sanitize any HTML before inserting it via <code>innerHTML</code> .</p></li> <li><p> <strong>Whitespace handling</strong> : <code>textContent</code> will return all text content including spaces and line breaks, while <code>innerText</code> (a related but different property) respects visible formatting — something worth noting if you're extracting content from pages.</p></li> </ul> <p> So if you're unsure which one to use:</p> <ul> <li> Use <code>textContent</code> when you only need to insert or extract text</li> <li> Use <code>innerHTML</code> when you specifically need to work with HTML markup</li> </ul> <hr> <p> And that's basically it. The difference boils down to how each handles HTML — one treats it as markup, the other as plain text. Not complicated once you get the hang of it, but easy to mix up if you're not paying attention.</p>

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