I changed your code so it should be simpler:

(Changed it based on @evian’s suggestion)

import os
import sys

def getinfo(filename) :
    info = {}
    with open(filename, 'r') as f:
        for line in f:
            ID, name = line.strip().split()
            info[ID] = name
    return info


def matchname(info, input_file, output_file) : 
    with open(input_file, 'r') as reader, open(output_file, 'w') as writer:
        for line in reader:
            n1, n2, content = line.strip().split()
            for ID, name in info.items():
                if name in content:
                    print(n1, n2, name, ID, sep='\t', file=writer)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    info_filename = 'aa.txt'
    content_filename = 'bb.txt'
    result_filename = 'final_output2.txt'
    info = getinfo(info_filename)
    matchname(info, content_filename, result_filename)
    print('done')

(Come back later to add explanation...)

Questions I answered: Python-QA

in 当然比 find Fast, because the former requires fewer attribute searches, function calls, and more comparison operations than the latter:

>>> def t():
...   return "abctestdef".find("testx")
... 
>>> import dis
>>> dis.dis(t)
  2           0 LOAD_CONST               1 ('abctestdef')
              3 LOAD_ATTR                0 (find)
              6 LOAD_CONST               2 ('testx')
              9 CALL_FUNCTION            1 (1 positional, 0 keyword pair)
             12 RETURN_VALUE
>>> def t():
...   return "test" in "abctestdef"
... 
>>> dis.dis(t)
  2           0 LOAD_CONST               1 ('test')
              3 LOAD_CONST               2 ('abctestdef')
              6 COMPARE_OP               6 (in)
              9 RETURN_VALUE

If you want to go faster, consider using Rust :-)

Also, your code is not very well written. It is recommended to use with instead of closing manually for file operations.

The in time complexity of set is O(1)
The in time complexity of list is O(n)

You can try using sets when assembling