In the student (child) component

• When the value of the variable changes, the useEffect hook will update the parent array via handleStudentsChange (the function provided by the parent component).

In the student (parent) component

• Present student (child) component list
• To prevent infinite loops, the handleStudentsChange function uses the useCallback hook definition. However, it doesn't seem to work.

Questions/Questions

• Once a change occurs, handleStudentsChange will run indefinitely
• Why is this? and how to fix it?
• Note: I don’t need the onSubmit button

See the code here: I am CodeSandBox link

Student.tsx(Children)

import React, { useState, useEffect, useRef } from "react";
import TextField from "@mui/material/TextField";

interface student {
  firstName: string;
  lastName: string;
  grade: number;
}

interface studentProps {
  id: number;
  firstName: string;
  lastName: string;
  grade: number;
  handleStudentsChange: (index: number, student: student) => void;
}

function Student(props: studentProps) {
  const [firstName, setFirstName] = useState(props.firstName);
  const [lastName, setLastName] = useState(props.lastName);
  const [grade, setGrade] = useState(props.grade);

  useEffect(() => {
    handleStudentsChange(id, {
      firstName: firstName,
      lastName: lastName,
      grade: grade
    });
  }, [firstName, lastName, grade, props]);

  return (
    <>
      <TextField
        label="firstName"
        onChange={(event) => setFirstName(event.target.value)}
        value={firstName}
      />
      <TextField
        label="lastName"
        onChange={(event) => setLastName(event.target.value)}
        value={lastName}
      />
      <TextField
        label="grade"
        onChange={(event) => setGrade(+event.target.value)}
        value={grade}
      />
    </>
  );

Students.tsx(parent)

import React, { useState, useCallback } from "react";
import Student from "./Student";

interface student {
  firstName: string;
  lastName: string;
  grade: number;
}

export default function Students() {
  const [students, setStudents] = useState<student[]>([
    { firstName: "Justin", lastName: "Bieber", grade: 100 },
    { firstName: "Robert", lastName: "Oppenhiemer", grade: 100 }
  ]);

  const handleStudentsChange = useCallback(
    (index: number, updatedStudent: student) => {
      // console.log(index) //I only want this to rerender when the value change however it turn into an infinity loop
      setStudents((prevStudents) => {
        const updatedStudents = [...prevStudents];
        updatedStudents[index] = updatedStudent;
        return updatedStudents;
      });
    },
    []
  );

  return (
    <>
      {students.map((student, index) => {
        return (
          <Student
            key={index}
            id={index}
            firstName={student.firstName}
            lastName={student.lastName}
            grade={student.grade}
            handleStudentsChange={(index: number, newStudent: student) =>
              handleStudentsChange(index, newStudent)
            }
          />
        );
      })}
    </>
  );
}

As shown in the code above, I tried using React.memo on the student (child) component and useCallback on the handleStudentsChange, hopefully Able to prevent infinite loops. However, the infinite loop continues.