Title
But it is running on another page (same post, same image) (using Ezoic CDN as an example) (custom page showing all recent posts)
Why does this happen?
I checked that the paths shown in WordPress are correct and everything looks fine.
The location of the path is not an issue since the same image is optimized on different pages.
Looks like you're not using a CDN in your first example. Maybe you removed the content from the origin and the CDN returned a cached version.