Example of building a simple neural network on PyTorch to implement regression and classification

conda install pytorch torchvision -c soumith

import torch import numpy as np np_data = np.arange(6).reshape((2, 3)) torch_data = torch.from_numpy(np_data) # 将numpy(array)格式转换为torch(tensor)格式 tensor2array = torch_data.numpy() print( '\nnumpy array:\n', np_data, '\ntorch tensor:', torch_data, '\ntensor to array:\n', tensor2array, ) # torch数据格式在print的时候前后自动添加换行符 # abs data = [-1, -2, 2, 2] tensor = torch.FloatTensor(data) print( '\nabs', '\nnumpy: \n', np.abs(data), '\ntorch: ', torch.abs(tensor) ) # 1维的数据，numpy是行向量形式显示，torch是列向量形式显示 # sin print( '\nsin', '\nnumpy: \n', np.sin(data), '\ntorch: ', torch.sin(tensor) ) # mean print( '\nmean', '\nnumpy: ', np.mean(data), '\ntorch: ', torch.mean(tensor) ) # 矩阵相乘 data = [[1,2], [3,4]] tensor = torch.FloatTensor(data) print( '\nmatrix multiplication (matmul)', '\nnumpy: \n', np.matmul(data, data), '\ntorch: ', torch.mm(tensor, tensor) ) data = np.array(data) print( '\nmatrix multiplication (dot)', '\nnumpy: \n', data.dot(data), '\ntorch: ', tensor.dot(tensor) )

import torch from torch.autograd import Variable tensor = torch.FloatTensor([[1,2],[3,4]]) variable = Variable(tensor, requires_grad=True) # 打印展示Variable类型 print(tensor) print(variable) t_out = torch.mean(tensor*tensor) # 每个元素的^ 2 v_out = torch.mean(variable*variable) print(t_out) print(v_out) v_out.backward() # Variable的误差反向传递 # 比较Variable的原型和grad属性、data属性及相应的numpy形式 print('variable:\n', variable) # v_out = 1/4 * sum(variable*variable) 这是计算图中的 v_out 计算步骤 # 针对于 v_out 的梯度就是, d(v_out)/d(variable) = 1/4*2*variable = variable/2 print('variable.grad:\n', variable.grad) # Variable的梯度 print('variable.data:\n', variable.data) # Variable的数据 print(variable.data.numpy()) #Variable的数据的numpy形式

import torch import torch.nn.functional as F from torch.autograd import Variable import matplotlib.pyplot as plt x = torch.linspace(-5, 5, 200) x_variable = Variable(x) #将x放入Variable x_np = x_variable.data.numpy() # 经过4种不同的激励函数得到的numpy形式的数据结果 y_relu = F.relu(x_variable).data.numpy() y_sigmoid = F.sigmoid(x_variable).data.numpy() y_tanh = F.tanh(x_variable).data.numpy() y_softplus = F.softplus(x_variable).data.numpy() plt.figure(1, figsize=(8, 6)) plt.subplot(221) plt.plot(x_np, y_relu, c='red', label='relu') plt.ylim((-1, 5)) plt.legend(loc='best') plt.subplot(222) plt.plot(x_np, y_sigmoid, c='red', label='sigmoid') plt.ylim((-0.2, 1.2)) plt.legend(loc='best') plt.subplot(223) plt.plot(x_np, y_tanh, c='red', label='tanh') plt.ylim((-1.2, 1.2)) plt.legend(loc='best') plt.subplot(224) plt.plot(x_np, y_softplus, c='red', label='softplus') plt.ylim((-0.2, 6)) plt.legend(loc='best') plt.show()

import torch from torch.autograd import Variable import torch.nn.functional as F import matplotlib.pyplot as plt x = torch.unsqueeze(torch.linspace(-1, 1, 100), dim=1) # 将1维的数据转换为2维数据 y = x.pow(2) + 0.2 * torch.rand(x.size()) # 将tensor置入Variable中 x, y = Variable(x), Variable(y) #plt.scatter(x.data.numpy(), y.data.numpy()) #plt.show() # 定义一个构建神经网络的类 class Net(torch.nn.Module): # 继承torch.nn.Module类 def __init__(self, n_feature, n_hidden, n_output): super(Net, self).__init__() # 获得Net类的超类（父类）的构造方法 # 定义神经网络的每层结构形式 # 各个层的信息都是Net类对象的属性 self.hidden = torch.nn.Linear(n_feature, n_hidden) # 隐藏层线性输出 self.predict = torch.nn.Linear(n_hidden, n_output) # 输出层线性输出 # 将各层的神经元搭建成完整的神经网络的前向通路 def forward(self, x): x = F.relu(self.hidden(x)) # 对隐藏层的输出进行relu激活 x = self.predict(x) return x # 定义神经网络 net = Net(1, 10, 1) print(net) # 打印输出net的结构 # 定义优化器和损失函数 optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.5) # 传入网络参数和学习率 loss_function = torch.nn.MSELoss() # 最小均方误差 # 神经网络训练过程 plt.ion() # 动态学习过程展示 plt.show() for t in range(300): prediction = net(x) # 把数据x喂给net，输出预测值 loss = loss_function(prediction, y) # 计算两者的误差，要注意两个参数的顺序 optimizer.zero_grad() # 清空上一步的更新参数值 loss.backward() # 误差反相传播，计算新的更新参数值 optimizer.step() # 将计算得到的更新值赋给net.parameters() # 可视化训练过程 if (t+1) % 10 == 0: plt.cla() plt.scatter(x.data.numpy(), y.data.numpy()) plt.plot(x.data.numpy(), prediction.data.numpy(), 'r-', lw=5) plt.text(0.5, 0, 'L=%.4f' % loss.data[0], fontdict={'size': 20, 'color': 'red'}) plt.pause(0.1)

import torch from torch.autograd import Variable import torch.nn.functional as F import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 生成数据 # 分别生成2组各100个数据点，增加正态噪声，后标记以y0=0 y1=1两类标签，最后cat连接到一起 n_data = torch.ones(100,2) # torch.normal(means, std=1.0, out=None) x0 = torch.normal(2*n_data, 1) # 以tensor的形式给出输出tensor各元素的均值，共享标准差 y0 = torch.zeros(100) x1 = torch.normal(-2*n_data, 1) y1 = torch.ones(100) x = torch.cat((x0, x1), 0).type(torch.FloatTensor) # 组装（连接） y = torch.cat((y0, y1), 0).type(torch.LongTensor) # 置入Variable中 x, y = Variable(x), Variable(y) class Net(torch.nn.Module): def __init__(self, n_feature, n_hidden, n_output): super(Net, self).__init__() self.hidden = torch.nn.Linear(n_feature, n_hidden) self.out = torch.nn.Linear(n_hidden, n_output) def forward(self, x): x = F.relu(self.hidden(x)) x = self.out(x) return x net = Net(n_feature=2, n_hidden=10, n_output=2) print(net) optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.012) loss_func = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss() plt.ion() plt.show() for t in range(100): out = net(x) loss = loss_func(out, y) # loss是定义为神经网络的输出与样本标签y的差别，故取softmax前的值 optimizer.zero_grad() loss.backward() optimizer.step() if t % 2 == 0: plt.cla() # 过了一道 softmax 的激励函数后的最大概率才是预测值 # torch.max既返回某个维度上的最大值，同时返回该最大值的索引值 prediction = torch.max(F.softmax(out), 1)[1] # 在第1维度取最大值并返回索引值 pred_y = prediction.data.numpy().squeeze() target_y = y.data.numpy() plt.scatter(x.data.numpy()[:, 0], x.data.numpy()[:, 1], c=pred_y, s=100, lw=0, cmap='RdYlGn') accuracy = sum(pred_y == target_y)/200 # 预测中有多少和真实值一样 plt.text(1.5, -4, 'Accu=%.2f' % accuracy, fontdict={'size': 20, 'color': 'red'}) plt.pause(0.1) plt.ioff() plt.show()