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Methods and examples of creating template engines in PHP

墨辰丷
Release: 2023-03-29 16:44:01
Original
2138 people have browsed it

模板引擎(这里特指用于Web开发的模板引擎)是为了使用户界面与业务数据(内容)分离而产生的,它可以生成特定格式的文档,用于网站的模板引擎就会生成一个标准的HTML文档。

PHP模板引擎就是一个PHP类库,使用它可以使PHP代码和HTML代码进行分离,使代码的可读性和维护性得到显著提高。而且这样做的好处是,让美工专心设计HTML前台页面,程序员专心去写PHP业务逻辑。因此,模化引擎很适合公司的Web开发团队使用,使每个人都能发挥其特长

下面我们就来看看如何简单的来实现php的模板引擎

parser.class.php

<?php
 
/**
 * 模版解析类
 */
class Parser
{
  // 字段,接收模版文件内容
  private $_tpl;
   
  // 构造方法,获取模版文件内容
  public function __construct($_tplFile)
  {
    if (! $this->_tpl = file_get_contents($_tplFile)) {
      exit(&#39;ERROR:模版文件读取错误&#39;);
    }
  }
   
  // 解析普通变量
  private function parvar()
  {
    $_patten = &#39;/<!--\s+\{\$([\w]+)\}\s+-->/&#39;;
    if (preg_match($_patten,$this->_tpl)) {
      $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_patten, "<?php echo \$this->_vars[&#39;$1&#39;];?>",$this->_tpl);
    }
  }
 
  //解析IF语句
  private function parif(){
    $_pattenif = &#39;/<!--\s+\{if\s+\$([\w]+)\}\s+-->/&#39;;
    $_pattenElse = &#39;/<!--\s+\{else\}\s+-->/&#39;;
    $_pattenEndif = &#39;/<!--\s+\{\/if\}\s+-->/&#39;;
    if (preg_match($_pattenif,$this->_tpl)) {
      if (preg_match($_pattenEndif,$this->_tpl)) {
        $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenif,"<?php if (\$this->_vars[&#39;$1&#39;]){?>",$this->_tpl);
        $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenEndif,"<?php } ?>",$this->_tpl);
        if (preg_match($_pattenElse,$this->_tpl)) {
          $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenElse,"<?php }else{?>",$this->_tpl);
        }
      }else{
      echo &#39;ERROR:IF语句没有关闭!&#39;;
      }
    }
  }
 
  //PHP注释解析
 
  private function parCommon(){
    $_pattenCommon = &#39;/<!--\s+\{#\}(.*)\{#\}\s+-->/&#39;;
    if (preg_match($_pattenCommon,$this->_tpl)) {
      $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenCommon,"<?php /* $1 */ ?>",$this->_tpl);
    }
  }
   
  //解析foreach语句
  private function parForeach(){
    $_pattenForeach = &#39;/<!--\s+\{foreach\s+\$([\w]+)\(([\w]+),([\w]+)\)\}\s+-->/&#39;;
    $_pattenForeachEnd = &#39;/<!--\s+\{\/foreach\}\s+-->/&#39;;
    $_pattenForeachValue = &#39;/<!--\s+\{@([\w]+)\}\s+-->/&#39;;
    if (preg_match($_pattenForeach,$this->_tpl)) {
      if (preg_match($_pattenForeachEnd,$this->_tpl)) {
        $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenForeach, "<?php foreach (\$this->_vars[&#39;$1&#39;] as \$$2=>\$$3) {?>", $this->_tpl);
        $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenForeachEnd, "<?php }?>", $this->_tpl);
        if (preg_match($_pattenForeachValue, $this->_tpl)) {
          $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenForeachValue,"<?php echo \$$1;?>",$this->_tpl);
        }
      }else{
      echo &#39;ERROR:Foreach语句没有关闭!&#39;;  
      }
    }
  }
 
  //解析include方法
  private function parInclude(){
    $_pattenInclude = &#39;/<!--\s+\{include\s+file=\"([\w\.\-]+)\"\}\s+-->/&#39;;
    if (preg_match($_pattenInclude,$this->_tpl,$_file,$_file)) {
      if (!file_exists($_file[1])||empty($_file)) {
        echo &#39;ERROR:包含文件出错!&#39;;
      }
      $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenInclude,"<?php include &#39;$1&#39;;?>",$this->_tpl);
    }
  }
 
  //解析系统变量方法
  private function parConfig(){
    $_pattenConfig = &#39;/<!--\s+\{([\w]+)\}\s+-->/&#39;;
    if (preg_match($_pattenConfig,$this->_tpl)) {
      $this->_tpl = preg_replace($_pattenConfig,"<?php echo \$this->_config[&#39;$1&#39;];?>",$this->_tpl);
    }
  }
  // 对外公共方法
  public function compile($_path)
  {
    // 解析模版文件
    $this->parvar();
    $this->parif();
    $this->parForeach();
    $this->parInclude();
    $this->parCommon();
    $this->parConfig();
    // 生成编译文件
    if (! file_put_contents($_path, $this->_tpl)) {
      exit(&#39;ERROR:编译文件生成错误!&#39;);
    }
  }
}
?>
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Templates.class.php

<?php
 
/**
 * 模版类
 */
class Templates
{
  //注入变量
  private $_vars = array();
  //保存系统变量数组字段
  private $_config = array();
  //创建一个构造方法,来检测各个目录是否存在
  public function __construct()
  {
    if (! is_dir(TPL_DIR) || ! is_dir(TPL_C_DIR) || ! is_dir(CACHE) || !is_dir(CONFIG)) {
      echo &#39;ERROR:模版目录或编译目录,缓存目录不存在!自动创建!&#39;."<br />";
      if (!is_dir(TPL_DIR)) {
        mkdir(TPL_DIR);
        echo &#39;模版目录&#39;.TPL_DIR.&#39;建立&#39;."<br />";
      }
      if (!is_dir(TPL_C_DIR)) {
        mkdir(TPL_C_DIR);
        echo &#39;编译目录&#39;.TPL_C_DIR.&#39;建立&#39;."<br />";
      }
      if (!is_dir(CACHE)) {
        mkdir(CACHE);
        echo &#39;缓存目录&#39;.CACHE.&#39;建立&#39;."<br />";
      }
      if (!is_dir(CONFIG)) {
        mkdir(CONFIG);
        echo &#39;缓存目录&#39;.CONFIG.&#39;建立&#39;."<br />";
      }
      exit();
    }
    //保存系统变量
    $_sxe = simplexml_load_file(CONFIG.&#39;/config.xml&#39;);
    $_tagLib = $_sxe->xpath(&#39;/root/taglib&#39;);
    foreach ($_tagLib as $_tag) {
      $this->_config["$_tag->name"] = $_tag->value;
    }
  }
 
  //assign()方法,用于注入变量
  public function assign($_var,$_value){
    //$_var用于同步模版里的变量名
    //$_value表示值
    if (isset($_var)&&!empty($_var)) {
      $this->_vars[$_var] = $_value;
    }else{
      exit(&#39;ERROR:设置模版变量!&#39;);
    }
 
  }
 
  //display()方法
  public function display($_file)
  {
    $_tplFile = TPL_DIR . $_file;
    // 判断文件是否存在
    if (! file_exists($_tplFile)) {
      echo &#39;ERROR:模版文件不存在!自动创建Index.tpl模版文件!&#39;;
      file_put_contents($_tplFile,&#39;Index&#39;);
      exit();
    }
 
    //生成编译文件
    $_path = TPL_C_DIR.md5($_file).&#39;-&#39;.$_file.&#39;.php&#39;;
    //缓存文件
    $_cacheFile = CACHE.md5($_file).&#39;-&#39;.$_file.&#39;.html&#39;;
    //当第二次运行相同文件,直接载入缓存文件
    if (IS_CACHE) {
      //判断缓存文件和编译文件都存在
      if (file_exists($_cacheFile)&&file_exists($_path)) {
        //判断模版文件是否修改过
        if (filemtime($_path)>=filemtime($_tplFile)&&filemtime($_cacheFile)>=filemtime($_path)) {
          include $_cacheFile;
          echo &#39;<!--cache-->&#39;;
          return;
        }
      }
    }
    //当编译文件不存在或者文件发生改变则重新生成
    if (!file_exists($_path)||filemtime($_path)<filemtime($_tplFile)) {
      require ROOT_PATH.&#39;/Class/parser.class.php&#39;;
      //构造方法是传入模版文件地址
      $_parser = new Parser($_tplFile);
      //传入编译文件地址
      $_parser->compile($_path);
    }
    //载入编译文件
    include $_path;
    if (IS_CACHE) {
      //获取缓冲区数据
      file_put_contents($_cacheFile,ob_get_contents());
      //清楚缓冲区
      ob_end_clean();
      //载入缓存文件
      include $_cacheFile;
    }
  }
}
?>
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templates.php

<?php
//设置字符编码UTF-8
header(&#39;Content-Type:text/html;charset=utf-8&#39;);
 
//网站根目录
define(&#39;ROOT_PATH&#39;,dirname(__FILE__));
 
//存放模版文件夹
define(&#39;TPL_DIR&#39;,ROOT_PATH.&#39;/Templates/&#39;);
 
//编译文件夹
define(&#39;TPL_C_DIR&#39;,ROOT_PATH.&#39;/Templates_c/&#39;);
 
//缓存文件夹
define(&#39;CACHE&#39;,ROOT_PATH.&#39;/Cache/&#39;);
 
//系统变量配置目录
define(&#39;CONFIG&#39;,ROOT_PATH.&#39;/Config/&#39;);
 
//是否开启缓冲区
define(&#39;IS_CACHE&#39;,false);//false
 
//判断是否需要开启
IS_CACHE ? ob_start() : null;
 
//引入模版类
require ROOT_PATH.&#39;/Class/Templates.class.php&#39;;
 
//实例化模版类
$_tpl=new Templates();
 
$_tpl->display(&#39;index.tpl&#39;);
?>
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templates/index.tpl

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zn-cn">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
  <meta name="description" content="">
  <meta name="keywords" content="">
  <meta name="author" content="">
  <meta name="author" content="">
  <title><!-- {WebName} --></title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/style.css">
  </head>
<body>
 
<!-- {#}php注释{#} -->
<!-- {if $a} -->
123
<!-- {else} -->
321
<!-- {/if} -->
<br />
<!-- {foreach $array(key,value)} -->
  <!-- {@key} -->...<!-- {@value} --><br />
<!-- {/foreach} -->
系统变量<!-- {WebName} --><br />
普通变量<!-- {$name} --><br />

  <script src="/js/jquery-2.2.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
  <script src="/js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript">
  </script>
</body>
</html>
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config/config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root>
  <taglib>
    <name>WebName</name>
    <value>XXX网站</value>
  </taglib>
</root>
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